npm run build

regenerated UI files
version bump 0.14.0-b5
2023-09-10 16:59:31 +02:00 · 2023-09-10 16:54:59 +02:00 · 2023-09-10 16:30:04 +02:00 · 2023-09-10 02:00:09 +02:00 · 2023-09-09 21:07:20 +02:00 · 2023-09-09 20:48:17 +02:00
61 changed files with 7546 additions and 6682 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,7 +1,57 @@
 ## WLED changelog

-#### Build 2306180
+#### Build 2309100
+-   Release of WLED beta version 0.14.0-b5 "Hoshi"
+-   New standard esp32 build with audioreactive
+-   Effect blending bugfixes, and minor optimizations

+#### Build 2309050
+-   Effect blending (#3311) (finally efect transitions!)
+    *WARNING*: May not work well with ESP8266, with plenty of segments or usermods (low RAM condition)!!!
+-   Added receive and send sync groups to JSON API (#3317) (you can change sync groups using preset)
+-   Internal temperature usermod (#3246)
+-   MQTT server and topic length overrides (#3354) (new build flags)
+-   Animated Staircase usermod enhancement (#3348) (on/off toggle/relay control)
+-   Added local time info to Info page (#3351)
+-   New effect: Rolling Balls (a.k.a. linear bounce) (#1039)
+-   Various bug fixes and enhancements.
+
+#### Build 2308110
+-   Release of WLED beta version 0.14.0-b4 "Hoshi"
+-   Reset effect data immediately upon mode change
+
+#### Build 2308030
+-   Improved random palette handling and blending
+-   Soap bugfix
+-   Fix ESP-NOW crash with AP mode Always
+
+#### Build 2307180
+-   Bus-level global buffering (#3280)
+-   Removed per-segment LED buffer (SEGMENT.leds)
+-   various fixes and improvements (ESP variants platform 5.3.0, effect optimizations, /json/cfg pin allocation)
+
+#### Build 2307130
+-   larger `oappend()` stack buffer (3.5k) for ESP32
+-   Preset cycle bugfix (#3262)
+-   Rotary encoder ALT fix for large LED count (#3276)
+-   effect updates (2D Plasmaball), `blur()` speedup
+-   On/Off toggle from nodes view (may show unknow device type on older versions) (#3291)
+-   various fixes and improvements (ABL, crashes when changing presets with different segments)
+
+#### Build 2306270
+-   ESP-NOW remote support (#3237)
+-   Pixel Magic tool (display pixel art) (#3249)
+-   Websocket (peek) fallback when connection cannot be established, WS retries (#3267)
+-   Add WiFi network scan RPC command to Improv Serial (#3271)
+-   Longer (custom option available) segment name for ESP32
+-   various fixes and improvements
+
+#### Build 2306210
+-   0.14.0-b3 release
+-   respect global I2C in all usermods (no local initilaisation of I2C bus)
+-   Multi relay usermod compile-time enabled option (-D MULTI_RELAY_ENABLED=true|false)
+
+#### Build 2306180
 -   Added client-side option for applying effect defaults from metadata
 -   Improved ESP8266 stability by reducing WebSocket response resends
 -   Updated ESP8266 core to 3.1.2
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "wled",
-  "version": "0.14.0-b3",
+  "version": "0.14.0-b5",
  "lockfileVersion": 1,
  "requires": true,
  "dependencies": {
@@ -1409,9 +1409,9 @@
      "integrity": "sha512-NqVDv9TpANUjFm0N8uM5GxL36UgKi9/atZw+x7YFnQ8ckwFGKrl4xX4yWtrey3UJm5nP1kUbnYgLopqWNSRhWw=="
    },
    "semver": {
-      "version": "5.7.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-sauaDf/PZdVgrLTNYHRtpXa1iRiKcaebiKQ1BJdpQlWH2lCvexQdX55snPFyK7QzpudqbCI0qXFfOasHdyNDGQ=="
+      "version": "5.7.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-5.7.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-cBznnQ9KjJqU67B52RMC65CMarK2600WFnbkcaiwWq3xy/5haFJlshgnpjovMVJ+Hff49d8GEn0b87C5pDQ10g=="
    },
    "semver-diff": {
      "version": "2.1.0",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "name": "wled",
-  "version": "0.14.0-b3",
+  "version": "0.14.0-b5",
  "description": "Tools for WLED project",
  "main": "tools/cdata.js",
  "directories": {
--- a/platformio.ini
+++ b/platformio.ini
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # CI binaries
-;; default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth # ESP32 variant builds are temporarily excluded from CI due to toolchain issues on the GitHub Actions Linux environment
-default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, lolin_s2_mini, esp32c3dev, esp32s3dev_8MB
+; default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth # ESP32 variant builds are temporarily excluded from CI due to toolchain issues on the GitHub Actions Linux environment
+default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, esp32dev_audioreactive, lolin_s2_mini, esp32c3dev, esp32s3dev_8MB, esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_opi

 # Release binaries
 ; default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, lolin_s2_mini, esp32c3dev, esp32s3dev_8MB
@@ -40,6 +40,8 @@ default_envs = nodemcuv2, esp8266_2m, esp01_1m_full, esp32dev, esp32_eth, lolin_
 ; default_envs = esp32dev_qio80
 ; default_envs = esp32_eth_ota1mapp
 ; default_envs = esp32s2_saola
+; default_envs = esp32c3dev
+; default_envs = lolin_s2_mini

 src_dir  = ./wled00
 data_dir = ./wled00/data
@@ -85,11 +87,13 @@ platform_packages = platformio/framework-arduinoespressif8266

 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # FLAGS: DEBUG
-#
+# esp8266 : see https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif8266.html#debug-level
+# esp32   : see https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif32.html#debug-level
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-debug_flags = -D DEBUG=1 -D WLED_DEBUG -DDEBUG_ESP_WIFI -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_CLIENT -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_UPDATE -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_SERVER -DDEBUG_ESP_UPDATER -DDEBUG_ESP_OTA -DDEBUG_TLS_MEM
-#if needed (for memleaks etc) also add; -DDEBUG_ESP_OOM -include "umm_malloc/umm_malloc_cfg.h"
-#-DDEBUG_ESP_CORE is not working right now
+debug_flags = -D DEBUG=1 -D WLED_DEBUG
+  -DDEBUG_ESP_WIFI -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_CLIENT -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_UPDATE -DDEBUG_ESP_HTTP_SERVER -DDEBUG_ESP_UPDATER -DDEBUG_ESP_OTA -DDEBUG_TLS_MEM ;; for esp8266
+  # if needed (for memleaks etc) also add; -DDEBUG_ESP_OOM -include "umm_malloc/umm_malloc_cfg.h"
+  # -DDEBUG_ESP_CORE is not working right now

 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # FLAGS: ldscript (available ldscripts at https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/tree/master/tools/sdk/ld)
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ upload_speed = 115200
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 lib_compat_mode = strict
 lib_deps =
-    fastled/FastLED @ 3.5.0
+    fastled/FastLED @ 3.6.0
    IRremoteESP8266 @ 2.8.2
    makuna/NeoPixelBus @ 2.7.5
    https://github.com/Aircoookie/ESPAsyncWebServer.git @ ~2.0.7
@@ -199,7 +203,7 @@ build_flags =
  -DESP8266
  -DFP_IN_IROM
  ;-Wno-deprecated-declarations
-  -Wno-register  ;; leaves some warnings when compiling C files: command-line option '-Wno-register' is valid for C++/ObjC++ but not for C
+  ;-Wno-register  ;; leaves some warnings when compiling C files: command-line option '-Wno-register' is valid for C++/ObjC++ but not for C
  ;-Dregister= # remove warnings in C++17 due to use of deprecated register keyword by the FastLED library ;; warning: this can be dangerous
  -Wno-misleading-indentation
  ; NONOSDK22x_190703 = 2.2.2-dev(38a443e)
@@ -212,6 +216,9 @@ build_flags =
  -DVTABLES_IN_FLASH
  ; restrict to minimal mime-types
  -DMIMETYPE_MINIMAL
+  ; other special-purpose framework flags (see https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/platforms/espressif8266.html)
+  ; -D PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_MMU_CACHE16_IRAM48 ;; in case of linker errors like "section `.text1' will not fit in region `iram1_0_seg'"
+  ; -D PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_MMU_CACHE16_IRAM48_SECHEAP_SHARED ;; (experimental) adds some extra heap, but may cause slowdown

 lib_deps =
  #https://github.com/lorol/LITTLEFS.git
@@ -222,9 +229,7 @@ lib_deps =
 [esp32]
 #platform = https://github.com/tasmota/platform-espressif32/releases/download/v2.0.2.3/platform-espressif32-2.0.2.3.zip
 platform = espressif32@3.5.0
-
 platform_packages = framework-arduinoespressif32 @ https://github.com/Aircoookie/arduino-esp32.git#1.0.6.4
-
 build_flags = -g
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
  #-DCONFIG_LITTLEFS_FOR_IDF_3_2
@@ -232,14 +237,14 @@ build_flags = -g
  #use LITTLEFS library by lorol in ESP32 core 1.x.x instead of built-in in 2.x.x
  -D LOROL_LITTLEFS
  ; -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0 ;; this flag is mandatory for "classic ESP32" when building with arduino-esp32 >=2.0.3
-
 default_partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_4MB_1MB_FS.csv
-
 lib_deps =
  https://github.com/lorol/LITTLEFS.git
  https://github.com/pbolduc/AsyncTCP.git @ 1.2.0
  ${env.lib_deps}
-
+# additional build flags for audioreactive
+AR_build_flags = -D USERMOD_AUDIOREACTIVE -D UM_AUDIOREACTIVE_USE_NEW_FFT
+AR_lib_deps = https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT#develop @ ^1.9.2

 [esp32_idf_V4]
 ;; experimental build environment for ESP32 using ESP-IDF 4.4.x / arduino-esp32 v2.0.5
@@ -247,9 +252,8 @@ lib_deps =
 ;;
 ;; please note that you can NOT update existing ESP32 installs with a "V4" build. Also updating by OTA will not work properly.
 ;; You need to completely erase your device (esptool erase_flash) first, then install the "V4" build from VSCode+platformio.
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
-  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -Wshadow=compatible-local ;; emit warning in case a local variable "shadows" another local one
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32 -DESP32
@@ -263,9 +267,8 @@ lib_deps =

 [esp32s2]
 ;; generic definitions for all ESP32-S2 boards
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
-  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2
@@ -283,9 +286,8 @@ lib_deps =

 [esp32c3]
 ;; generic definitions for all ESP32-C3 boards
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
-  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3
@@ -302,9 +304,8 @@ lib_deps =

 [esp32s3]
 ;; generic definitions for all ESP32-S3 boards
-platform = espressif32@5.2.0
+platform = espressif32@5.3.0
 platform_packages =
-  toolchain-riscv32-esp @ 8.4.0+2021r2-patch5 ; required for platform version < 5.3.0, remove this line when upgrading to platform >=5.3.0
 build_flags = -g
  -DESP32
  -DARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
@@ -401,6 +402,20 @@ lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
 board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}

+[env:esp32dev_audioreactive]
+board = esp32dev
+platform = ${esp32.platform}
+platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packages}
+build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags_esp32} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32_audioreactive #-D WLED_DISABLE_BROWNOUT_DET
+  ${esp32.AR_build_flags}
+lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
+  ${esp32.AR_lib_deps}
+monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
+board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}
+; board_build.f_flash = 80000000L
+; board_build.flash_mode = dio
+
 [env:esp32dev_qio80]
 board = esp32dev
 platform = ${esp32.platform}
@@ -435,6 +450,7 @@ platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packages}
 upload_speed = 921600
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags_esp32} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32_Ethernet -D RLYPIN=-1 -D WLED_USE_ETHERNET -D BTNPIN=-1
+  -D WLED_DISABLE_ESPNOW ;; ESP-NOW requires wifi, may crash with ethernet only
 lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
 board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}

@@ -448,6 +464,7 @@ board_build.flash_mode = qio
 upload_speed = 460800
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s2.build_flags} #-D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=S2_saola
+  ;-DLOLIN_WIFI_FIX ;; try this in case Wifi does not work
  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1
 lib_deps = ${esp32s2.lib_deps}

@@ -458,10 +475,11 @@ platform_packages = ${esp32c3.platform_packages}
 framework = arduino
 board = esp32-c3-devkitm-1
 board_build.partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_4MB_1MB_FS.csv
-build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32c3.build_flags} #-D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-C3
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32c3.build_flags} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-C3
  -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0
-  ; -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; for virtual CDC USB
-  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0   ;; for serial-to-USB chip
+  -DLOLIN_WIFI_FIX ; seems to work much better with this
+  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; for virtual CDC USB
+  ;-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0   ;; for serial-to-USB chip
 upload_speed = 460800
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 lib_deps = ${esp32c3.lib_deps}
@@ -473,10 +491,10 @@ platform = ${esp32s3.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32s3.platform_packages}
 upload_speed = 921600 ; or  460800
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
-build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s3.build_flags}
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s3.build_flags} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-S3_8MB
  -D CONFIG_LITTLEFS_FOR_IDF_3_2 -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0
  -D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0  ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with serial-to-USB chip
-  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=0 ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
+  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
  ;-D WLED_DEBUG
 lib_deps = ${esp32s3.lib_deps}
 board_build.partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_8MB.csv
@@ -485,19 +503,18 @@ board_build.flash_mode = qio
 ; board_build.flash_mode = dio   ;; try this if you have problems at startup
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder

-[env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM]
-;; ESP32-TinyS3 development board, with 8MB FLASH and 8MB PSRAM (memory_type: qio_opi, qio_qspi, or opi_opi)
-;board = um_tinys3 ;    -> needs workaround from https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/pull/2905#issuecomment-1328049860
-;board = esp32s3box   ; -> error: 'esp32_adc2gpio' was not declared in this scope
-board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1 ; -> compiles, but does not support PSRAM
+[env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_opi]
+;; ESP32-S3 development board, with 8MB FLASH and >= 8MB PSRAM (memory_type: qio_opi)
+board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1 ;; generic dev board; the next line adds PSRAM support
+board_build.arduino.memory_type = qio_opi     ;; use with PSRAM: 8MB or 16MB
 platform = ${esp32s3.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32s3.platform_packages}
 upload_speed = 921600
 build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
 build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s3.build_flags}
  -D CONFIG_LITTLEFS_FOR_IDF_3_2 -D WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT=0
-  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0 ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with serial-to-USB chip
-  -D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1  ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=0 ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
+  ;-D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0  ;; -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1 ;; for boards with serial-to-USB chip
+  -D ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 -D ARDUINO_USB_MODE=1      ;; for boards with USB-OTG connector only (USBCDC or "TinyUSB")
  ; -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-S3_PSRAM
  -D WLED_USE_PSRAM -DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM ; tells WLED that PSRAM shall be used
 lib_deps = ${esp32s3.lib_deps}
@@ -506,6 +523,13 @@ board_build.f_flash = 80000000L
 board_build.flash_mode = qio
 monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder

+[env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_qspi]
+;; ESP32-TinyS3 development board, with 8MB FLASH and PSRAM (memory_type: qio_qspi)
+extends = env:esp32s3dev_8MB_PSRAM_opi
+;board = um_tinys3 ;    -> needs workaround from https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/pull/2905#issuecomment-1328049860
+board = esp32-s3-devkitc-1 ;; generic dev board; the next line adds PSRAM support
+board_build.arduino.memory_type = qio_qspi ;; use with PSRAM: 2MB or  4MB
+
 [env:esp8285_4CH_MagicHome]
 board = esp8285
 platform = ${common.platform_wled_default}
@@ -573,10 +597,10 @@ platform = ${esp32s2.platform}
 platform_packages = ${esp32s2.platform_packages}
 board = lolin_s2_mini
 board_build.partitions = tools/WLED_ESP32_4MB_1MB_FS.csv
-build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags} -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1
-build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s2.build_flags} #-D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=LolinS2
+build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags} #-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags} ${esp32s2.build_flags} -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-S2
  -DBOARD_HAS_PSRAM
-  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0
+  -DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1 # try disabling and enabling unflag above in case of board-specific issues, will disable Serial
  -DARDUINO_USB_MSC_ON_BOOT=0
  -DARDUINO_USB_DFU_ON_BOOT=0
  -DLOLIN_WIFI_FIX ; seems to work much better with this
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ anyio==3.6.2
    # via starlette
 bottle==0.12.25
    # via platformio
-certifi==2022.12.7
+certifi==2023.7.22
    # via requests
 charset-normalizer==3.1.0
    # via requests
--- a/tools/WLED_ESP32_16MB_9MB_FS.csv
+++ b/tools/WLED_ESP32_16MB_9MB_FS.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Name,   Type, SubType, Offset,  Size, Flags
+nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
+otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
+app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x300000,
+app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x310000,0x300000,
+spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x610000,0x9E0000,
+coredump, data, coredump,,64K
+# to create/use ffat, see https://github.com/marcmerlin/esp32_fatfsimage
--- a/tools/WLED_ESP32_8MB.csv
+++ b/tools/WLED_ESP32_8MB.csv
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@ nvs,      data, nvs,     0x9000,  0x5000,
 otadata,  data, ota,     0xe000,  0x2000,
 app0,     app,  ota_0,   0x10000, 0x200000,
 app1,     app,  ota_1,   0x210000,0x200000,
-spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x410000,0x3F0000,
+spiffs,   data, spiffs,  0x410000,0x3E0000,
+coredump, data, coredump,,64K
--- a/tools/cdata.js
+++ b/tools/cdata.js
@@ -390,12 +390,6 @@ const char PAGE_dmxmap[] PROGMEM = R"=====()=====";
      method: "gzip",
      filter: "html-minify",
    },
-    {
-      file: "liveviewws.htm",
-      name: "PAGE_liveviewws",
-      method: "gzip",
-      filter: "html-minify",
-    },
    {
      file: "liveviewws2D.htm",
      name: "PAGE_liveviewws2D",
--- a/usermods/Animated_Staircase/Animated_Staircase.h
+++ b/usermods/Animated_Staircase/Animated_Staircase.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
    bool useUSSensorBottom         = false; // using PIR or UltraSound sensor?
    unsigned int topMaxDist        = 50;    // default maximum measured distance in cm, top
    unsigned int bottomMaxDist     = 50;    // default maximum measured distance in cm, bottom
+    bool togglePower               = false; // toggle power on/off with staircase on/off

    /* runtime variables */
    bool initDone = false;
@@ -90,7 +91,8 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
    static const char _bottomEcho_pin[];
    static const char _topEchoCm[];
    static const char _bottomEchoCm[];
-    
+    static const char _togglePower[];
+
    void publishMqtt(bool bottom, const char* state) {
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
      //Check if MQTT Connected, otherwise it will crash the 8266
@@ -196,6 +198,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
          if (on) {
            lastSensor = topSensorRead;
          } else {
+            if (togglePower && onIndex == offIndex && offMode) toggleOnOff(); // toggle power on if off
            // If the bottom sensor triggered, we need to swipe up, ON
            swipe = bottomSensorRead;

@@ -249,7 +252,10 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
            offIndex = MAX(onIndex, offIndex - 1);
          }
        }
-        if (oldOn != onIndex || oldOff != offIndex) updateSegments(); // reduce the number of updates to necessary ones
+        if (oldOn != onIndex || oldOff != offIndex) {
+          updateSegments(); // reduce the number of updates to necessary ones
+          if (togglePower && onIndex == offIndex && !offMode && !on) toggleOnOff();  // toggle power off for all segments off
+        }
      }
    }

@@ -295,6 +301,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
        strip.setTransition(segment_delay_ms/100);
        strip.trigger();
      } else {
+        if (togglePower && !on && offMode) toggleOnOff(); // toggle power on if off
        // Restore segment options
        for (int i = 0; i <= strip.getLastActiveSegmentId(); i++) {
          Segment &seg = strip.getSegment(i);
@@ -444,6 +451,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
      staircase[FPSTR(_bottomEcho_pin)]            = useUSSensorBottom ? bottomEchoPin : -1;
      staircase[FPSTR(_topEchoCm)]                 = topMaxDist;
      staircase[FPSTR(_bottomEchoCm)]              = bottomMaxDist;
+      staircase[FPSTR(_togglePower)]               = togglePower;
      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Staircase config saved."));
    }

@@ -488,6 +496,8 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
      bottomMaxDist = top[FPSTR(_bottomEchoCm)] | bottomMaxDist;
      bottomMaxDist = min(150,max(30,(int)bottomMaxDist));  // max distance ~1.5m (a lag of 9ms may be expected)

+      togglePower = top[FPSTR(_togglePower)] | togglePower;  // staircase toggles power on/off
+
      DEBUG_PRINT(FPSTR(_name));
      if (!initDone) {
        // first run: reading from cfg.json
@@ -511,7 +521,7 @@ class Animated_Staircase : public Usermod {
        if (changed) setup();
      }
      // use "return !top["newestParameter"].isNull();" when updating Usermod with new features
-      return true;
+      return !top[FPSTR(_togglePower)].isNull();
    }

    /*
@@ -551,3 +561,4 @@ const char Animated_Staircase::_bottomPIRorTrigger_pin[]    PROGMEM = "bottomPIR
 const char Animated_Staircase::_bottomEcho_pin[]            PROGMEM = "bottomEcho_pin";
 const char Animated_Staircase::_topEchoCm[]                 PROGMEM = "top-dist-cm";
 const char Animated_Staircase::_bottomEchoCm[]              PROGMEM = "bottom-dist-cm";
+const char Animated_Staircase::_togglePower[]               PROGMEM = "toggle-on-off";
--- a/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/readme.md
+++ b/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Internal Temperature Usermod
+This usermod adds the temperature readout to the Info tab and also publishes that over the topic `mcutemp` topic.
+
+## Important
+A shown temp of 53,33°C might indicate that the internal temp is not supported.
+
+ESP8266 does not have a internal temp sensor
+
+ESP32S2 seems to crash on reading the sensor -> disabled
+
+## Installation
+Add a build flag `-D USERMOD_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE` to your `platformio.ini` (or `platformio_override.ini`).
+
+## Authors
+Soeren Willrodt [@lost-hope](https://github.com/lost-hope)
+
+Dimitry Zhemkov [@dima-zhemkov](https://github.com/dima-zhemkov)
--- a/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/usermod_internal_temperature.h
+++ b/usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/usermod_internal_temperature.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "wled.h"
+
+class InternalTemperatureUsermod : public Usermod
+{
+
+private:
+  unsigned long loopInterval = 10000;
+  unsigned long lastTime = 0;
+  bool isEnabled = false;
+  float temperature = 0;
+
+  static const char _name[];
+  static const char _enabled[];
+  static const char _loopInterval[];
+
+  // any private methods should go here (non-inline methosd should be defined out of class)
+  void publishMqtt(const char *state, bool retain = false); // example for publishing MQTT message
+
+public:
+  void setup()
+  {
+  }
+
+  void loop()
+  {
+    // if usermod is disabled or called during strip updating just exit
+    // NOTE: on very long strips strip.isUpdating() may always return true so update accordingly
+    if (!isEnabled || strip.isUpdating() || millis() - lastTime <= loopInterval)
+      return;
+
+    lastTime = millis();
+
+#ifdef ESP8266 // ESP8266
+    // does not seem possible
+    temperature = -1;
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) // ESP32S2
+    temperature = -1;
+#else                                    // ESP32 ESP32S3 and ESP32C3
+    temperature = roundf(temperatureRead() * 10) / 10;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
+    if (WLED_MQTT_CONNECTED)
+    {
+      char array[10];
+      snprintf(array, sizeof(array), "%f", temperature);
+      publishMqtt(array);
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  void addToJsonInfo(JsonObject &root)
+  {
+    if (!isEnabled)
+      return;
+
+    // if "u" object does not exist yet wee need to create it
+    JsonObject user = root["u"];
+    if (user.isNull())
+      user = root.createNestedObject("u");
+
+    JsonArray userTempArr = user.createNestedArray(FPSTR(_name));
+    userTempArr.add(temperature);
+    userTempArr.add(F(" °C"));
+
+    // if "sensor" object does not exist yet wee need to create it
+    JsonObject sensor = root[F("sensor")];
+    if (sensor.isNull())
+      sensor = root.createNestedObject(F("sensor"));
+
+    JsonArray sensorTempArr = sensor.createNestedArray(FPSTR(_name));
+    sensorTempArr.add(temperature);
+    sensorTempArr.add(F("°C"));
+  }
+
+  void addToConfig(JsonObject &root)
+  {
+    JsonObject top = root.createNestedObject(FPSTR(_name));
+    top[FPSTR(_enabled)] = isEnabled;
+    top[FPSTR(_loopInterval)] = loopInterval;
+  }
+
+  bool readFromConfig(JsonObject &root)
+  {
+    JsonObject top = root[FPSTR(_name)];
+    bool configComplete = !top.isNull();
+    configComplete &= getJsonValue(top[FPSTR(_enabled)], isEnabled);
+    configComplete &= getJsonValue(top[FPSTR(_loopInterval)], loopInterval);
+
+    return configComplete;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t getId()
+  {
+    return USERMOD_ID_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE;
+  }
+};
+
+const char InternalTemperatureUsermod::_name[] PROGMEM = "Internal Temperature";
+const char InternalTemperatureUsermod::_enabled[] PROGMEM = "Enabled";
+const char InternalTemperatureUsermod::_loopInterval[] PROGMEM = "Loop Interval";
+
+void InternalTemperatureUsermod::publishMqtt(const char *state, bool retain)
+{
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
+  // Check if MQTT Connected, otherwise it will crash the 8266
+  if (WLED_MQTT_CONNECTED)
+  {
+    char subuf[64];
+    strcpy(subuf, mqttDeviceTopic);
+    strcat_P(subuf, PSTR("/mcutemp"));
+    mqtt->publish(subuf, 0, retain, state);
+  }
+#endif
+}
--- a/usermods/audioreactive/audio_reactive.h
+++ b/usermods/audioreactive/audio_reactive.h
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@
 * ....
 */

+#if !defined(FFTTASK_PRIORITY)
+#define FFTTASK_PRIORITY 1 // standard: looptask prio
+//#define FFTTASK_PRIORITY 2 // above looptask, below asyc_tcp
+//#define FFTTASK_PRIORITY 4 // above asyc_tcp
+#endif
+
 // Comment/Uncomment to toggle usb serial debugging
 // #define MIC_LOGGER                   // MIC sampling & sound input debugging (serial plotter)
 // #define FFT_SAMPLING_LOG             // FFT result debugging
@@ -104,7 +110,7 @@ static float    sampleAgc = 0.0f;               // Smoothed AGC sample

 // peak detection
 static bool samplePeak = false;      // Boolean flag for peak - used in effects. Responding routine may reset this flag. Auto-reset after strip.getMinShowDelay()
-static uint8_t maxVol = 10;          // Reasonable value for constant volume for 'peak detector', as it won't always trigger (deprecated)
+static uint8_t maxVol = 31;          // Reasonable value for constant volume for 'peak detector', as it won't always trigger (deprecated)
 static uint8_t binNum = 8;           // Used to select the bin for FFT based beat detection  (deprecated)
 static bool udpSamplePeak = false;   // Boolean flag for peak. Set at the same tiem as samplePeak, but reset by transmitAudioData
 static unsigned long timeOfPeak = 0; // time of last sample peak detection.
@@ -173,13 +179,18 @@ static float windowWeighingFactors[samplesFFT] = {0.0f};

 // Create FFT object
 #ifdef UM_AUDIOREACTIVE_USE_NEW_FFT
-// lib_deps += https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT#develop @ 1.9.2
-#define FFT_SPEED_OVER_PRECISION     // enables use of reciprocals (1/x etc), and an a few other speedups
-#define FFT_SQRT_APPROXIMATION       // enables "quake3" style inverse sqrt
-#define sqrt(x) sqrtf(x)             // little hack that reduces FFT time by 50% on ESP32 (as alternative to FFT_SQRT_APPROXIMATION)
+  // lib_deps += https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT#develop @ 1.9.2
+  // these options actually cause slow-downs on all esp32 processors, don't use them.
+  // #define FFT_SPEED_OVER_PRECISION     // enables use of reciprocals (1/x etc) - not faster on ESP32
+  // #define FFT_SQRT_APPROXIMATION       // enables "quake3" style inverse sqrt  - slower on ESP32
+  // Below options are forcing ArduinoFFT to use sqrtf() instead of sqrt()
+  #define sqrt(x) sqrtf(x)             // little hack that reduces FFT time by 10-50% on ESP32
+  #define sqrt_internal sqrtf          // see https://github.com/kosme/arduinoFFT/pull/83
 #else
-// lib_deps += https://github.com/blazoncek/arduinoFFT.git
+  // around 40% slower on -S2
+  // lib_deps += https://github.com/blazoncek/arduinoFFT.git
 #endif
+
 #include <arduinoFFT.h>

 #ifdef UM_AUDIOREACTIVE_USE_NEW_FFT
@@ -411,7 +422,7 @@ static void runMicFilter(uint16_t numSamples, float *sampleBuffer)          // p
  //constexpr float beta1 = 0.8285f; // 18Khz
  constexpr float beta1 = 0.85f;  // 20Khz

-  constexpr float beta2 = (1.0f - beta1) / 2.0;
+  constexpr float beta2 = (1.0f - beta1) / 2.0f;
  static float last_vals[2] = { 0.0f }; // FIR high freq cutoff filter
  static float lowfilt = 0.0f;          // IIR low frequency cutoff filter

@@ -464,17 +475,17 @@ static void postProcessFFTResults(bool noiseGateOpen, int numberOfChannels) // p
      switch (FFTScalingMode) {
        case 1:
            // Logarithmic scaling
-            currentResult *= 0.42;                      // 42 is the answer ;-)
-            currentResult -= 8.0;                       // this skips the lowest row, giving some room for peaks
-            if (currentResult > 1.0) currentResult = logf(currentResult); // log to base "e", which is the fastest log() function
-            else currentResult = 0.0;                   // special handling, because log(1) = 0; log(0) = undefined
+            currentResult *= 0.42f;                      // 42 is the answer ;-)
+            currentResult -= 8.0f;                       // this skips the lowest row, giving some room for peaks
+            if (currentResult > 1.0f) currentResult = logf(currentResult); // log to base "e", which is the fastest log() function
+            else currentResult = 0.0f;                   // special handling, because log(1) = 0; log(0) = undefined
            currentResult *= 0.85f + (float(i)/18.0f);  // extra up-scaling for high frequencies
            currentResult = mapf(currentResult, 0, LOG_256, 0, 255); // map [log(1) ... log(255)] to [0 ... 255]
        break;
        case 2:
            // Linear scaling
            currentResult *= 0.30f;                     // needs a bit more damping, get stay below 255
-            currentResult -= 4.0;                       // giving a bit more room for peaks
+            currentResult -= 4.0f;                       // giving a bit more room for peaks
            if (currentResult < 1.0f) currentResult = 0.0f;
            currentResult *= 0.85f + (float(i)/1.8f);   // extra up-scaling for high frequencies
        break;
@@ -482,8 +493,8 @@ static void postProcessFFTResults(bool noiseGateOpen, int numberOfChannels) // p
            // square root scaling
            currentResult *= 0.38f;
            currentResult -= 6.0f;
-            if (currentResult > 1.0) currentResult = sqrtf(currentResult);
-            else currentResult = 0.0;                   // special handling, because sqrt(0) = undefined
+            if (currentResult > 1.0f) currentResult = sqrtf(currentResult);
+            else currentResult = 0.0f;                   // special handling, because sqrt(0) = undefined
            currentResult *= 0.85f + (float(i)/4.5f);   // extra up-scaling for high frequencies
            currentResult = mapf(currentResult, 0.0, 16.0, 0.0, 255.0); // map [sqrt(1) ... sqrt(256)] to [0 ... 255]
        break;
@@ -511,11 +522,11 @@ static void postProcessFFTResults(bool noiseGateOpen, int numberOfChannels) // p
 // peak detection is called from FFT task when vReal[] contains valid FFT results
 static void detectSamplePeak(void) {
  bool havePeak = false;
-
+  // softhack007: this code continuously triggers while amplitude in the selected bin is above a certain threshold. So it does not detect peaks - it detects high activity in a frequency bin.
  // Poor man's beat detection by seeing if sample > Average + some value.
  // This goes through ALL of the 255 bins - but ignores stupid settings
  // Then we got a peak, else we don't. The peak has to time out on its own in order to support UDP sound sync.
-  if ((sampleAvg > 1) && (maxVol > 0) && (binNum > 1) && (vReal[binNum] > maxVol) && ((millis() - timeOfPeak) > 100)) {
+  if ((sampleAvg > 1) && (maxVol > 0) && (binNum > 4) && (vReal[binNum] > maxVol) && ((millis() - timeOfPeak) > 100)) {
    havePeak = true;
  }

@@ -758,7 +769,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      if (time_now - last_time > 2)  {
        last_time = time_now;

-        if((fabsf(sampleReal) < 2.0f) || (sampleMax < 1.0f)) {
+        if((fabsf(sampleReal) < 2.0f) || (sampleMax < 1.0)) {
          // MIC signal is "squelched" - deliver silence
          tmpAgc = 0;
          // we need to "spin down" the intgrated error buffer
@@ -873,8 +884,8 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      // keep "peak" sample, but decay value if current sample is below peak
      if ((sampleMax < sampleReal) && (sampleReal > 0.5f)) {
        sampleMax = sampleMax + 0.5f * (sampleReal - sampleMax);  // new peak - with some filtering
-        // another simple way to detect samplePeak
-        if ((binNum < 10) && (millis() - timeOfPeak > 80) && (sampleAvg > 1)) {
+        // another simple way to detect samplePeak - cannot detect beats, but reacts on peak volume
+        if (((binNum < 12) || ((maxVol < 1))) && (millis() - timeOfPeak > 80) && (sampleAvg > 1)) {
          samplePeak    = true;
          timeOfPeak    = millis();
          udpSamplePeak = true;
@@ -964,9 +975,10 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      transmitData.FFT_Magnitude = my_magnitude;
      transmitData.FFT_MajorPeak = FFT_MajorPeak;

-      fftUdp.beginMulticastPacket();
-      fftUdp.write(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&transmitData), sizeof(transmitData));
-      fftUdp.endPacket();
+      if (fftUdp.beginMulticastPacket() != 0) { // beginMulticastPacket returns 0 in case of error
+        fftUdp.write(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&transmitData), sizeof(transmitData));
+        fftUdp.endPacket();
+      }
      return;
    } // transmitAudioData()

@@ -1149,6 +1161,13 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          if (audioSource) audioSource->initialize(i2swsPin, i2ssdPin);
          break;
        #endif
+        case 6:
+          DEBUGSR_PRINTLN(F("AR: ES8388 Source"));
+          audioSource = new ES8388Source(SAMPLE_RATE, BLOCK_SIZE);
+          delay(100);
+          if (audioSource) audioSource->initialize(i2swsPin, i2ssdPin, i2sckPin, mclkPin);
+          break;
+
        #if  !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
        // ADC over I2S is only possible on "classic" ESP32
        case 0:
@@ -1265,9 +1284,10 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {

        #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
          // complain when audio userloop has been delayed for long time. Currently we need userloop running between 500 and 1500 times per second. 
-          if ((userloopDelay > 23) && !disableSoundProcessing && (audioSyncEnabled == 0)) {
-            DEBUG_PRINTF("[AR userLoop] hickup detected -> was inactive for last %d millis!\n", userloopDelay);
-          }
+          // softhack007 disabled temporarily - avoid serial console spam with MANY leds and low FPS
+          //if ((userloopDelay > 65) && !disableSoundProcessing && (audioSyncEnabled == 0)) {
+            //DEBUG_PRINTF("[AR userLoop] hickup detected -> was inactive for last %d millis!\n", userloopDelay);
+          //}
        #endif

        // run filters, and repeat in case of loop delays (hick-up compensation)
@@ -1304,6 +1324,9 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          if (millis() - lastTime > delayMs) {
            have_new_sample = receiveAudioData();
            if (have_new_sample) last_UDPTime = millis();
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
+            else fftUdp.flush(); // Flush udp input buffers if we haven't read it - avoids hickups in receive mode. Does not work on 8266.
+#endif
            lastTime = millis();
          }
          if (have_new_sample) syncVolumeSmth = volumeSmth;   // remember received sample
@@ -1322,7 +1345,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      // Info Page: keep max sample from last 5 seconds
      if ((millis() -  sampleMaxTimer) > CYCLE_SAMPLEMAX) {
        sampleMaxTimer = millis();
-        maxSample5sec = (0.15 * maxSample5sec) + 0.85 *((soundAgc) ? sampleAgc : sampleAvg); // reset, and start with some smoothing
+        maxSample5sec = (0.15f * maxSample5sec) + 0.85f *((soundAgc) ? sampleAgc : sampleAvg); // reset, and start with some smoothing
        if (sampleAvg < 1) maxSample5sec = 0; // noise gate 
      } else {
         if ((sampleAvg >= 1)) maxSample5sec = fmaxf(maxSample5sec, (soundAgc) ? rawSampleAgc : sampleRaw); // follow maximum volume
@@ -1366,10 +1389,11 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
      memset(fftAvg, 0, sizeof(fftAvg)); 
      memset(fftResult, 0, sizeof(fftResult)); 
      for(int i=(init?0:1); i<NUM_GEQ_CHANNELS; i+=2) fftResult[i] = 16; // make a tiny pattern
-      inputLevel = 128;                                    // resset level slider to default
+      inputLevel = 128;                                    // reset level slider to default
      autoResetPeak();

      if (init && FFT_Task) {
+        delay(25);                // give some time for I2S driver to finish sampling before we suspend it
        vTaskSuspend(FFT_Task);   // update is about to begin, disable task to prevent crash
        if (udpSyncConnected) {   // close UDP sync connection (if open)
          udpSyncConnected = false;
@@ -1381,15 +1405,14 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          vTaskResume(FFT_Task);
          connected(); // resume UDP
        } else
-//          xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(
-          xTaskCreate(                        // no need to "pin" this task to core #0
+          xTaskCreateUniversal(               // xTaskCreateUniversal also works on -S2 and -C3 with single core
            FFTcode,                          // Function to implement the task
            "FFT",                            // Name of the task
            5000,                             // Stack size in words
            NULL,                             // Task input parameter
-            1,                                // Priority of the task
+            FFTTASK_PRIORITY,                 // Priority of the task
            &FFT_Task                         // Task handle
-//            , 0                                 // Core where the task should run
+            , 0                               // Core where the task should run
          );
      }
      micDataReal = 0.0f;                     // just to be sure
@@ -1486,7 +1509,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
              infoArr.add(F("I2S digital"));
            }
            // input level or "silence"
-            if (maxSample5sec > 1.0) {
+            if (maxSample5sec > 1.0f) {
              float my_usage = 100.0f * (maxSample5sec / 255.0f);
              snprintf_P(myStringBuffer, 15, PSTR(" - peak %3d%%"), int(my_usage));
              infoArr.add(myStringBuffer);
@@ -1496,7 +1519,7 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
          } else {
            // error during audio source setup
            infoArr.add(F("not initialized"));
-            infoArr.add(F(" - check GPIO config"));
+            infoArr.add(F(" - check pin settings"));
          }
        }

@@ -1738,6 +1761,8 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
    #if  !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
      oappend(SET_F("addOption(dd,'Generic I2S PDM',5);"));
    #endif
+    oappend(SET_F("addOption(dd,'ES8388',6);"));
+    
      oappend(SET_F("dd=addDropdown('AudioReactive','config:AGC');"));
      oappend(SET_F("addOption(dd,'Off',0);"));
      oappend(SET_F("addOption(dd,'Normal',1);"));
@@ -1798,7 +1823,9 @@ class AudioReactive : public Usermod {
 const char AudioReactive::_name[]       PROGMEM = "AudioReactive";
 const char AudioReactive::_enabled[]    PROGMEM = "enabled";
 const char AudioReactive::_inputLvl[]   PROGMEM = "inputLevel";
+#if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) && !defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
 const char AudioReactive::_analogmic[]  PROGMEM = "analogmic";
+#endif
 const char AudioReactive::_digitalmic[] PROGMEM = "digitalmic";
 const char AudioReactive::UDP_SYNC_HEADER[]    PROGMEM = "00002"; // new sync header version, as format no longer compatible with previous structure
 const char AudioReactive::UDP_SYNC_HEADER_v1[] PROGMEM = "00001"; // old sync header version - need to add backwards-compatibility feature
--- a/usermods/audioreactive/audio_source.h
+++ b/usermods/audioreactive/audio_source.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
-
+#ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
 #include "wled.h"
 #include <driver/i2s.h>
 #include <driver/adc.h>
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@

 // see https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32s3/hw-reference/chip-series-comparison.html#related-documents
 // and https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32s3/api-reference/peripherals/i2s.html#overview-of-all-modes
-#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2) || defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP8265)
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C5) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C6) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32H2) || defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP8265)
  // there are two things in these MCUs that could lead to problems with audio processing:
  // * no floating point hardware (FPU) support - FFT uses float calculations. If done in software, a strong slow-down can be expected (between 8x and 20x)
  // * single core, so FFT task might slow down other things like LED updates
  #if !defined(SOC_I2S_NUM) || (SOC_I2S_NUM < 1)
-  #error This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2, ESP32-C3 or ESP32-S2.
+  #error This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2 or ESP32-C3.
  #else
-  #warning This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2, ESP32-C3 or ESP32-S2.
+  #warning This audio reactive usermod does not support ESP32-C2 and ESP32-C3.
  #endif
 #endif

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
 * if you want to receive two channels, one is the actual data from microphone and another channel is suppose to receive 0, it's different data in two channels, you need to choose I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_RIGHT_LEFT in this case.
 */

-#if (ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 0)) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION <= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 3))
+#if (ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 0)) && (ESP_IDF_VERSION <= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 4, 4))
 // espressif bug: only_left has no sound, left and right are swapped 
 // https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/9635  I2S mic not working since 4.4 (IDFGH-8138)
 // https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/8538  I2S channel selection issue? (IDFGH-6918)
@@ -427,6 +427,122 @@ public:
    }
 };

+/* ES8388 Sound Modude
+   This is an I2S sound processing unit that requires ininitialization over
+   I2C before I2S data can be received. 
+*/
+class ES8388Source : public I2SSource {
+  private:
+
+    void _es8388I2cWrite(uint8_t reg, uint8_t val) {
+#ifndef ES8388_ADDR
+      Wire.beginTransmission(0x10);
+      #define ES8388_ADDR 0x10   // default address
+#else
+      Wire.beginTransmission(ES8388_ADDR);
+#endif
+      Wire.write((uint8_t)reg);
+      Wire.write((uint8_t)val);
+      uint8_t i2cErr = Wire.endTransmission();  // i2cErr == 0 means OK
+      if (i2cErr != 0) {
+        DEBUGSR_PRINTF("AR: ES8388 I2C write failed with error=%d  (addr=0x%X, reg 0x%X, val 0x%X).\n", i2cErr, ES8388_ADDR, reg, val);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void _es8388InitAdc() {
+      // https://dl.radxa.com/rock2/docs/hw/ds/ES8388%20user%20Guide.pdf Section 10.1
+      // http://www.everest-semi.com/pdf/ES8388%20DS.pdf Better spec sheet, more clear. 
+      // https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1CN3MvhkcPVESuxKyx1xRYqfUit5hOdsG45St9BCUm-g/edit#gid=0 generally
+      // Sets ADC to around what AudioReactive expects, and loops line-in to line-out/headphone for monitoring.
+      // Registries are decimal, settings are binary as that's how everything is listed in the docs
+      // ...which makes it easier to reference the docs.
+      //
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 8,0b00000000); // I2S to slave
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 2,0b11110011); // Power down DEM and STM
+      _es8388I2cWrite(43,0b10000000); // Set same LRCK
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 0,0b00000101); // Set chip to Play & Record Mode
+      _es8388I2cWrite(13,0b00000010); // Set MCLK/LRCK ratio to 256
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 1,0b01000000); // Power up analog and lbias
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 3,0b00000000); // Power up ADC, Analog Input, and Mic Bias
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 4,0b11111100); // Power down DAC, Turn on LOUT1 and ROUT1 and LOUT2 and ROUT2 power
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 2,0b01000000); // Power up DEM and STM and undocumented bit for "turn on line-out amp"
+
+      // #define use_es8388_mic
+
+    #ifdef use_es8388_mic
+      // The mics *and* line-in are BOTH connected to LIN2/RIN2 on the AudioKit
+      // so there's no way to completely eliminate the mics. It's also hella noisy. 
+      // Line-in works OK on the AudioKit, generally speaking, as the mics really need
+      // amplification to be noticable in a quiet room. If you're in a very loud room, 
+      // the mics on the AudioKit WILL pick up sound even in line-in mode. 
+      // TL;DR: Don't use the AudioKit for anything, use the LyraT. 
+      //
+      // The LyraT does a reasonable job with mic input as configured below.
+
+      // Pick one of these. If you have to use the mics, use a LyraT over an AudioKit if you can:
+      _es8388I2cWrite(10,0b00000000); // Use Lin1/Rin1 for ADC input (mic on LyraT)
+      //_es8388I2cWrite(10,0b01010000); // Use Lin2/Rin2 for ADC input (mic *and* line-in on AudioKit)
+      
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 9,0b10001000); // Select Analog Input PGA Gain for ADC to +24dB (L+R)
+      _es8388I2cWrite(16,0b00000000); // Set ADC digital volume attenuation to 0dB (left)
+      _es8388I2cWrite(17,0b00000000); // Set ADC digital volume attenuation to 0dB (right)
+      _es8388I2cWrite(38,0b00011011); // Mixer - route LIN1/RIN1 to output after mic gain
+
+      _es8388I2cWrite(39,0b01000000); // Mixer - route LIN to mixL, +6dB gain
+      _es8388I2cWrite(42,0b01000000); // Mixer - route RIN to mixR, +6dB gain
+      _es8388I2cWrite(46,0b00100001); // LOUT1VOL - 0b00100001 = +4.5dB
+      _es8388I2cWrite(47,0b00100001); // ROUT1VOL - 0b00100001 = +4.5dB
+      _es8388I2cWrite(48,0b00100001); // LOUT2VOL - 0b00100001 = +4.5dB
+      _es8388I2cWrite(49,0b00100001); // ROUT2VOL - 0b00100001 = +4.5dB
+
+      // Music ALC - the mics like Auto Level Control
+      // You can also use this for line-in, but it's not really needed.
+      //
+      _es8388I2cWrite(18,0b11111000); // ALC: stereo, max gain +35.5dB, min gain -12dB 
+      _es8388I2cWrite(19,0b00110000); // ALC: target -1.5dB, 0ms hold time
+      _es8388I2cWrite(20,0b10100110); // ALC: gain ramp up = 420ms/93ms, gain ramp down = check manual for calc
+      _es8388I2cWrite(21,0b00000110); // ALC: use "ALC" mode, no zero-cross, window 96 samples
+      _es8388I2cWrite(22,0b01011001); // ALC: noise gate threshold, PGA gain constant, noise gate enabled 
+    #else
+      _es8388I2cWrite(10,0b01010000); // Use Lin2/Rin2 for ADC input ("line-in")
+      _es8388I2cWrite( 9,0b00000000); // Select Analog Input PGA Gain for ADC to 0dB (L+R)
+      _es8388I2cWrite(16,0b01000000); // Set ADC digital volume attenuation to -32dB (left)
+      _es8388I2cWrite(17,0b01000000); // Set ADC digital volume attenuation to -32dB (right)
+      _es8388I2cWrite(38,0b00001001); // Mixer - route LIN2/RIN2 to output
+
+      _es8388I2cWrite(39,0b01010000); // Mixer - route LIN to mixL, 0dB gain
+      _es8388I2cWrite(42,0b01010000); // Mixer - route RIN to mixR, 0dB gain
+      _es8388I2cWrite(46,0b00011011); // LOUT1VOL - 0b00011110 = +0dB, 0b00011011 = LyraT balance fix
+      _es8388I2cWrite(47,0b00011110); // ROUT1VOL - 0b00011110 = +0dB
+      _es8388I2cWrite(48,0b00011110); // LOUT2VOL - 0b00011110 = +0dB
+      _es8388I2cWrite(49,0b00011110); // ROUT2VOL - 0b00011110 = +0dB
+    #endif
+
+    }
+
+  public:
+    ES8388Source(SRate_t sampleRate, int blockSize, float sampleScale = 1.0f, bool i2sMaster=true) :
+      I2SSource(sampleRate, blockSize, sampleScale) {
+      _config.channel_format = I2S_CHANNEL_FMT_ONLY_LEFT;
+    };
+
+    void initialize(int8_t i2swsPin, int8_t i2ssdPin, int8_t i2sckPin, int8_t mclkPin) {
+
+      if ((i2sckPin < 0) || (mclkPin < 0)) {
+        DEBUGSR_PRINTF("\nAR: invalid I2S pin: SCK=%d, MCLK=%d\n", i2sckPin, mclkPin); 
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // First route mclk, then configure ADC over I2C, then configure I2S
+      _es8388InitAdc();
+      I2SSource::initialize(i2swsPin, i2ssdPin, i2sckPin, mclkPin);
+    }
+
+    void deinitialize() {
+      I2SSource::deinitialize();
+    }
+
+};

 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(4, 2, 0)
 #if !defined(SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_ADC) && !defined(SOC_I2S_SUPPORTS_ADC_DAC)
@@ -650,3 +766,4 @@ class SPH0654 : public I2SSource {
 #endif
    }
 };
+#endif
--- a/usermods/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT.h
+++ b/usermods/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT/usermod_v2_four_line_display_ALT.h
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ bool FourLineDisplayUsermod::handleButton(uint8_t b) {
  static bool buttonLongPressed = false;
  static unsigned long buttonPressedTime = 0;
  static unsigned long buttonWaitTime = 0;
-  bool handled = true;
+  bool handled = false;

  //momentary button logic
  if (isButtonPressed(b)) { //pressed
@@ -1090,11 +1090,12 @@ bool FourLineDisplayUsermod::handleButton(uint8_t b) {
    buttonPressedBefore = true;

    if (now - buttonPressedTime > 600) { //long press
-      buttonLongPressed = true;
      //TODO: handleButton() handles button 0 without preset in a different way for double click
      //so we need to override with same behaviour
-      longPressAction(0);
-      //handled = false;
+      //DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("4LD action."));
+      //if (!buttonLongPressed) longPressAction(0);
+      buttonLongPressed = true;
+      return false;
    }

  } else if (!isButtonPressed(b) && buttonPressedBefore) { //released
@@ -1126,7 +1127,7 @@ bool FourLineDisplayUsermod::handleButton(uint8_t b) {
    buttonWaitTime = 0;
    //TODO: handleButton() handles button 0 without preset in a different way for double click
    //so we need to override with same behaviour
-    shortPressAction(0);
+    //shortPressAction(0);
    //handled = false;
  }
  return handled;
--- a/usermods/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT.h
+++ b/usermods/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT/usermod_v2_rotary_encoder_ui_ALT.h
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@
 #define ENCODER_SW_PIN 19
 #endif

+#ifndef ENCODER_MAX_DELAY_MS    // max delay between polling encoder pins
+#define ENCODER_MAX_DELAY_MS 8  // 8 milliseconds => max 120 change impulses in 1 second, for full turn of a 30/30 encoder (4 changes per segment, 30 segments for one turn)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef USERMOD_USE_PCF8574
  #undef USE_PCF8574
  #define USE_PCF8574 false
@@ -394,8 +398,14 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::sortModesAndPalettes() {
  modes_alpha_indexes = re_initIndexArray(strip.getModeCount());
  re_sortModes(modes_qstrings, modes_alpha_indexes, strip.getModeCount(), MODE_SORT_SKIP_COUNT);

-  palettes_qstrings = re_findModeStrings(JSON_palette_names, strip.getPaletteCount());
-  palettes_alpha_indexes = re_initIndexArray(strip.getPaletteCount());  // only use internal palettes
+  palettes_qstrings = re_findModeStrings(JSON_palette_names, strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size());
+  palettes_alpha_indexes = re_initIndexArray(strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size());
+  if (strip.customPalettes.size()) {
+    for (int i=0; i<strip.customPalettes.size(); i++) {
+      palettes_alpha_indexes[strip.getPaletteCount()+i] = 255-i;
+      palettes_qstrings[strip.getPaletteCount()+i] = PSTR("~Custom~");
+    }
+  }

  // How many palette names start with '*' and should not be sorted?
  // (Also skipping the first one, 'Default').
@@ -492,7 +502,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::setup()
    }
  } else {
    PinManagerPinType pins[3] = { { pinA, false }, { pinB, false }, { pinC, false } };
-    if (!pinManager.allocateMultiplePins(pins, 3, PinOwner::UM_RotaryEncoderUI)) {
+    if (pinA<0 || pinB<0 || !pinManager.allocateMultiplePins(pins, 3, PinOwner::UM_RotaryEncoderUI)) {
      pinA = pinB = pinC = -1;
      enabled = false;
      return;
@@ -503,7 +513,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::setup()
    #endif
    pinMode(pinA, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
    pinMode(pinB, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
-    pinMode(pinC, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
+    if (pinC>=0) pinMode(pinC, USERMOD_ROTARY_ENCODER_GPIO);
  }

  loopTime = millis();
@@ -539,8 +549,9 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::setup()
  */
 void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::loop()
 {
-  if (!enabled || strip.isUpdating()) return;
+  if (!enabled) return;
  unsigned long currentTime = millis(); // get the current elapsed time
+  if (strip.isUpdating() && ((currentTime - loopTime) < ENCODER_MAX_DELAY_MS)) return;  // be nice, but not too nice

  // Initialize effectCurrentIndex and effectPaletteIndex to
  // current state. We do it here as (at least) effectCurrent
@@ -677,21 +688,25 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::displayNetworkInfo() {
 void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::findCurrentEffectAndPalette() {
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Finding current mode and palette."));
  currentEffectAndPaletteInitialized = true;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
+
+  effectCurrentIndex = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
    if (modes_alpha_indexes[i] == effectCurrent) {
      effectCurrentIndex = i;
+      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found current mode."));
      break;
    }
  }
-  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found current mode."));

-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < strip.getPaletteCount(); i++) {
+  effectPaletteIndex = 0;
+  DEBUG_PRINTLN(effectPalette);
+  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size(); i++) {
    if (palettes_alpha_indexes[i] == effectPalette) {
      effectPaletteIndex = i;
+      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found palette."));
      break;
    }
  }
-  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Found palette."));
 }

 bool RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::changeState(const char *stateName, byte markedLine, byte markedCol, byte glyph) {
@@ -726,7 +741,9 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::changeBrightness(bool increase) {
  }
  display->updateRedrawTime();
 #endif
-  bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount : bri-fadeAmount), 255), 0);
+  //bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount : bri-fadeAmount), 255), 0);
+  if (bri < 40) bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount/2 : bri-fadeAmount/2), 255), 0); // slower steps when brightness < 16%
+  else bri = max(min((increase ? bri+fadeAmount : bri-fadeAmount), 255), 0);
  lampUdated();
 #ifdef USERMOD_FOUR_LINE_DISPLAY
  display->updateBrightness();
@@ -873,7 +890,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderUIUsermod::changePalette(bool increase) {
  }
  display->updateRedrawTime();
 #endif
-  effectPaletteIndex = max(min((increase ? effectPaletteIndex+1 : effectPaletteIndex-1), strip.getPaletteCount()-1), 0);
+  effectPaletteIndex = max(min((unsigned)(increase ? effectPaletteIndex+1 : effectPaletteIndex-1), strip.getPaletteCount()+strip.customPalettes.size()-1), 0U);
  effectPalette = palettes_alpha_indexes[effectPaletteIndex];
  stateChanged = true;
  if (applyToAll) {
--- a/usermods/wireguard/platformio_override.ini
+++ b/usermods/wireguard/platformio_override.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Example PlatformIO Project Configuration Override for WireGuard
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Copy to platformio_override.ini to activate.
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Please visit documentation: https://docs.platformio.org/page/projectconf.html
+
+[platformio]
+default_envs = WLED_ESP32-WireGuard
+
+[env:WLED_ESP32-WireGuard]
+board = esp32dev
+platform = ${esp32.platform}
+platform_packages = ${esp32.platform_packages}
+build_unflags = ${common.build_unflags}
+build_flags = ${common.build_flags_esp32} 
+   -D WLED_RELEASE_NAME=ESP32-WireGuard
+   -D USERMOD_WIREGUARD
+lib_deps = ${esp32.lib_deps}
+   https://github.com/kienvu58/WireGuard-ESP32-Arduino.git
+monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder
+board_build.partitions = ${esp32.default_partitions}
+upload_speed = 921600
--- a/usermods/wireguard/readme.md
+++ b/usermods/wireguard/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# WireGuard VPN
+
+This usermod will connect your WLED instance to a remote WireGuard subnet.
+
+Configuration is performed via the Usermod menu. There are no parameters to set in code!
+
+## Installation 
+
+Copy the `platformio_override.ini` file to the root project directory, review the build options, and select the `WLED_ESP32-WireGuard` environment.
+
+
+## Author
+
+Aiden Vigue [vigue.me](https://vigue.me)
+[@acvigue](https://github.com/acvigue)
+aiden@vigue.me
+
+
+
--- a/usermods/wireguard/wireguard.h
+++ b/usermods/wireguard/wireguard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <WireGuard-ESP32.h>
+
+#include "wled.h"
+
+class WireguardUsermod : public Usermod {
+   public:
+    void setup() { configTzTime(posix_tz, ntpServerName); }
+
+    void connected() {
+        if (wg.is_initialized()) {
+            wg.end();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void loop() {
+        if (millis() - lastTime > 5000) {
+            if (is_enabled && WLED_CONNECTED) {
+                if (!wg.is_initialized()) {
+                    struct tm timeinfo;
+                    if (getLocalTime(&timeinfo, 0)) {
+                        if (strlen(preshared_key) < 1) {
+                            wg.begin(local_ip, private_key, endpoint_address, public_key, endpoint_port, NULL);
+                        } else {
+                            wg.begin(local_ip, private_key, endpoint_address, public_key, endpoint_port, preshared_key);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            lastTime = millis();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void addToJsonInfo(JsonObject& root) {
+        JsonObject user = root["u"];
+        if (user.isNull()) user = root.createNestedObject("u");
+
+        JsonArray infoArr = user.createNestedArray(F("WireGuard"));
+        String uiDomString;
+
+        struct tm timeinfo;
+        if (!getLocalTime(&timeinfo, 0)) {
+            uiDomString = "Time out of sync!";
+        } else {
+            if (wg.is_initialized()) {
+                uiDomString = "netif up!";
+            } else {
+                uiDomString = "netif down :(";
+            }
+        }
+        if (is_enabled) infoArr.add(uiDomString);
+    }
+
+    void appendConfigData() {
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:host',1,'Server Hostname');"));           // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:port',1,'Server Port');"));               // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:ip',1,'Device IP');"));                   // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:psk',1,'Pre Shared Key (optional)');"));  // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:pem',1,'Private Key');"));                // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:pub',1,'Public Key');"));                 // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+        oappend(SET_F("addInfo('WireGuard:tz',1,'POSIX timezone string');"));       // 0 is field type, 1 is actual field
+    }
+
+    void addToConfig(JsonObject& root) {
+        JsonObject top = root.createNestedObject(F("WireGuard"));
+        top[F("host")] = endpoint_address;
+        top[F("port")] = endpoint_port;
+        top[F("ip")] = local_ip.toString();
+        top[F("psk")] = preshared_key;
+        top[F("pem")] = private_key;
+        top[F("pub")] = public_key;
+        top[F("tz")] = posix_tz;
+    }
+
+    bool readFromConfig(JsonObject& root) {
+        JsonObject top = root[F("WireGuard")];
+
+        if (top["host"].isNull() || top["port"].isNull() || top["ip"].isNull() || top["pem"].isNull() || top["pub"].isNull() || top["tz"].isNull()) {
+            is_enabled = false;
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            const char* host = top["host"];
+            strncpy(endpoint_address, host, 100);
+
+            const char* ip_s = top["ip"];
+            uint8_t ip[4];
+            sscanf(ip_s, "%u.%u.%u.%u", &ip[0], &ip[1], &ip[2], &ip[3]);
+            local_ip = IPAddress(ip[0], ip[1], ip[2], ip[3]);
+
+            const char* pem = top["pem"];
+            strncpy(private_key, pem, 45);
+
+            const char* pub = top["pub"];
+            strncpy(public_key, pub, 45);
+
+            const char* tz = top["tz"];
+            strncpy(posix_tz, tz, 150);
+
+            endpoint_port = top["port"];
+
+            if (!top["psk"].isNull()) {
+                const char* psk = top["psk"];
+                strncpy(preshared_key, psk, 45);
+            }
+
+            is_enabled = true;
+        }
+
+        return is_enabled;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t getId() { return USERMOD_ID_WIREGUARD; }
+
+   private:
+    WireGuard wg;
+    char preshared_key[45];
+    char private_key[45];
+    IPAddress local_ip;
+    char public_key[45];
+    char endpoint_address[100];
+    char posix_tz[150];
+    int endpoint_port = 0;
+    bool is_enabled = false;
+    unsigned long lastTime = 0;
+};
--- a/wled00/FX.cpp
+++ b/wled00/FX.cpp
--- a/wled00/FX.h
+++ b/wled00/FX.h
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@
 #define FX_MODE_FIRE_FLICKER            45
 #define FX_MODE_GRADIENT                46
 #define FX_MODE_LOADING                 47
-// #define FX_MODE_POLICE                  48  // removed in 0.14!
+#define FX_MODE_ROLLINGBALLS            48  //was Police before 0.14
 #define FX_MODE_FAIRY                   49  //was Police All prior to 0.13.0-b6 (use "Two Dots" with Red/Blue and full intensity)
 #define FX_MODE_TWO_DOTS                50
 #define FX_MODE_FAIRYTWINKLE            51  //was Two Areas prior to 0.13.0-b6 (use "Two Dots" with full intensity)
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ typedef enum mapping1D2D {
  M12_pCorner = 3
 } mapping1D2D_t;

-// segment, 72 bytes
+// segment, 80 bytes
 typedef struct Segment {
  public:
    uint16_t start; // start index / start X coordinate 2D (left)
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    };
    uint8_t startY;  // start Y coodrinate 2D (top); there should be no more than 255 rows
    uint8_t stopY;   // stop Y coordinate 2D (bottom); there should be no more than 255 rows
-    char *name;
+    char    *name;

    // runtime data
    unsigned long next_time;  // millis() of next update
@@ -378,10 +378,33 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    uint32_t call;  // call counter
    uint16_t aux0;  // custom var
    uint16_t aux1;  // custom var
-    byte* data;     // effect data pointer
-    CRGB* leds;     // local leds[] array (may be a pointer to global)
+    byte     *data; // effect data pointer
    static uint16_t maxWidth, maxHeight;  // these define matrix width & height (max. segment dimensions)

+    typedef struct TemporarySegmentData {
+      uint16_t _optionsT;
+      uint32_t _colorT[NUM_COLORS];
+      uint8_t  _speedT;
+      uint8_t  _intensityT;
+      uint8_t  _custom1T, _custom2T;   // custom FX parameters/sliders
+      struct {
+        uint8_t _custom3T : 5;        // reduced range slider (0-31)
+        bool    _check1T  : 1;        // checkmark 1
+        bool    _check2T  : 1;        // checkmark 2
+        bool    _check3T  : 1;        // checkmark 3
+      };
+      uint16_t _aux0T;
+      uint16_t _aux1T;
+      uint32_t _stepT;
+      uint32_t _callT;
+      uint8_t *_dataT;
+      uint16_t _dataLenT;
+      TemporarySegmentData()
+        : _dataT(nullptr) // just in case...
+        , _dataLenT(0)
+      {}
+    } tmpsegd_t;
+
  private:
    union {
      uint8_t  _capabilities;
@@ -393,42 +416,37 @@ typedef struct Segment {
        uint8_t _reserved : 4;
      };
    };
-    uint16_t _dataLen;
+    uint16_t        _dataLen;
    static uint16_t _usedSegmentData;

-    // transition data, valid only if transitional==true, holds values during transition
+    // perhaps this should be per segment, not static
+    static CRGBPalette16 _randomPalette;      // actual random palette
+    static CRGBPalette16 _newRandomPalette;   // target random palette
+    static unsigned long _lastPaletteChange;  // last random palette change time in millis()
+    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
+    static bool          _modeBlend;          // mode/effect blending semaphore
+    #endif
+
+    // transition data, valid only if transitional==true, holds values during transition (72 bytes)
    struct Transition {
+      #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
+      tmpsegd_t     _segT;        // previous segment environment
+      uint8_t       _modeT;       // previous mode/effect
+      #else
      uint32_t      _colorT[NUM_COLORS];
+      #endif
      uint8_t       _briT;        // temporary brightness
      uint8_t       _cctT;        // temporary CCT
      CRGBPalette16 _palT;        // temporary palette
      uint8_t       _prevPaletteBlends; // number of previous palette blends (there are max 255 belnds possible)
-      uint8_t       _modeP;       // previous mode/effect
-      //uint16_t      _aux0, _aux1; // previous mode/effect runtime data
-      //uint32_t      _step, _call; // previous mode/effect runtime data
-      //byte         *_data;        // previous mode/effect runtime data
-      uint32_t      _start;
+      unsigned long _start;       // must accommodate millis()
      uint16_t      _dur;
      Transition(uint16_t dur=750)
-        : _briT(255)
-        , _cctT(127)
-        , _palT(CRGBPalette16(CRGB::Black))
+        : _palT(CRGBPalette16(CRGB::Black))
        , _prevPaletteBlends(0)
-        , _modeP(FX_MODE_STATIC)
        , _start(millis())
        , _dur(dur)
      {}
-      Transition(uint16_t d, uint8_t b, uint8_t c, const uint32_t *o)
-        : _briT(b)
-        , _cctT(c)
-        , _palT(CRGBPalette16(CRGB::Black))
-        , _prevPaletteBlends(0)
-        , _modeP(FX_MODE_STATIC)
-        , _start(millis())
-        , _dur(d)
-      {
-        for (size_t i=0; i<NUM_COLORS; i++) _colorT[i] = o[i];
-      }
    } *_t;

  public:
@@ -462,12 +480,14 @@ typedef struct Segment {
      aux0(0),
      aux1(0),
      data(nullptr),
-      leds(nullptr),
      _capabilities(0),
      _dataLen(0),
      _t(nullptr)
    {
      //refreshLightCapabilities();
+      #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+      //Serial.printf("-- Creating segment: %p\n", this);
+      #endif
    }

    Segment(uint16_t sStartX, uint16_t sStopX, uint16_t sStartY, uint16_t sStopY) : Segment(sStartX, sStopX) {
@@ -479,16 +499,14 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    Segment(Segment &&orig) noexcept; // move constructor

    ~Segment() {
-      //#ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-      //Serial.print(F("Destroying segment:"));
+      #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+      //Serial.printf("-- Destroying segment: %p\n", this);
      //if (name) Serial.printf(" %s (%p)", name, name);
      //if (data) Serial.printf(" %d (%p)", (int)_dataLen, data);
-      //if (leds) Serial.printf(" [%u]", length()*sizeof(CRGB));
      //Serial.println();
-      //#endif
-      if (leds) free(leds);
-      if (name) delete[] name;
-      if (_t) delete _t;
+      #endif
+      if (name) { delete[] name; name = nullptr; }
+      stopTransition();
      deallocateData();
    }

@@ -496,7 +514,7 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    Segment& operator= (Segment &&orig) noexcept; // move assignment

 #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-    size_t getSize() const { return sizeof(Segment) + (data?_dataLen:0) + (name?strlen(name):0) + (_t?sizeof(Transition):0) + (leds?sizeof(CRGB)*length():0); }
+    size_t getSize() const { return sizeof(Segment) + (data?_dataLen:0) + (name?strlen(name):0) + (_t?sizeof(Transition):0); }
 #endif

    inline bool     getOption(uint8_t n) const { return ((options >> n) & 0x01); }
@@ -506,16 +524,20 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    inline bool     hasRGB(void)         const { return _isRGB; }
    inline bool     hasWhite(void)       const { return _hasW; }
    inline bool     isCCT(void)          const { return _isCCT; }
-    inline uint16_t width(void)          const { return stop - start; }       // segment width in physical pixels (length if 1D)
-    inline uint16_t height(void)         const { return stopY - startY; }     // segment height (if 2D) in physical pixels
-    inline uint16_t length(void)         const { return width() * height(); } // segment length (count) in physical pixels
+    inline uint16_t width(void)          const { return isActive() ? (stop - start) : 0; }  // segment width in physical pixels (length if 1D)
+    inline uint16_t height(void)         const { return stopY - startY; }                   // segment height (if 2D) in physical pixels (it *is* always >=1)
+    inline uint16_t length(void)         const { return width() * height(); }               // segment length (count) in physical pixels
    inline uint16_t groupLength(void)    const { return grouping + spacing; }
    inline uint8_t  getLightCapabilities(void) const { return _capabilities; }

    static uint16_t getUsedSegmentData(void)    { return _usedSegmentData; }
    static void     addUsedSegmentData(int len) { _usedSegmentData += len; }
+    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
+    static void     modeBlend(bool blend)       { _modeBlend = blend; }
+    #endif
+    static void     handleRandomPalette();

-    void    setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp=1, uint8_t spc=0, uint16_t ofs=UINT16_MAX, uint16_t i1Y=0, uint16_t i2Y=1);
+    void    setUp(uint16_t i1, uint16_t i2, uint8_t grp=1, uint8_t spc=0, uint16_t ofs=UINT16_MAX, uint16_t i1Y=0, uint16_t i2Y=1, uint8_t segId = 255);
    bool    setColor(uint8_t slot, uint32_t c); //returns true if changed
    void    setCCT(uint16_t k);
    void    setOpacity(uint8_t o);
@@ -537,11 +559,15 @@ typedef struct Segment {
      * Safe to call from interrupts and network requests.
      */
    inline void markForReset(void) { reset = true; }  // setOption(SEG_OPTION_RESET, true)
-    void setUpLeds(void);   // set up leds[] array for loseless getPixelColor()

    // transition functions
    void     startTransition(uint16_t dur); // transition has to start before actual segment values change
+    void     stopTransition(void);
    void     handleTransition(void);
+    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
+    void     swapSegenv(tmpsegd_t &tmpSegD);
+    void     restoreSegenv(tmpsegd_t &tmpSegD);
+    #endif
    uint16_t progress(void); //transition progression between 0-65535
    uint8_t  currentBri(uint8_t briNew, bool useCct = false);
    uint8_t  currentMode(uint8_t modeNew);
@@ -578,7 +604,7 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    uint16_t virtualHeight(void) const;
    uint16_t nrOfVStrips(void) const;
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
-    uint16_t XY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y); // support function to get relative index within segment (for leds[])
+    uint16_t XY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y); // support function to get relative index within segment
    void setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t c); // set relative pixel within segment with color
    void setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, byte r, byte g, byte b, byte w = 0) { setPixelColorXY(x, y, RGBW32(r,g,b,w)); } // automatically inline
    void setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, CRGB c)                             { setPixelColorXY(x, y, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0)); } // automatically inline
@@ -603,9 +629,9 @@ typedef struct Segment {
    void fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB c);
    void drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint32_t c);
    void drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, CRGB c) { drawLine(x0, y0, x1, y1, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0)); } // automatic inline
-    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2 = 0);
+    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2 = 0, uint8_t rotate = 0);
    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c) { drawCharacter(chr, x, y, w, h, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0)); } // automatic inline
-    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c, CRGB c2) { drawCharacter(chr, x, y, w, h, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0), RGBW32(c2.r,c2.g,c2.b,0)); } // automatic inline
+    void drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, CRGB c, CRGB c2, uint8_t rotate = 0) { drawCharacter(chr, x, y, w, h, RGBW32(c.r,c.g,c.b,0), RGBW32(c2.r,c2.g,c2.b,0), rotate); } // automatic inline
    void wu_pixel(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, CRGB c);
    void blur1d(fract8 blur_amount); // blur all rows in 1 dimension
    void blur2d(fract8 blur_amount) { blur(blur_amount); }
@@ -677,7 +703,6 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      // true private variables
      _length(DEFAULT_LED_COUNT),
      _brightness(DEFAULT_BRIGHTNESS),
-      _renderBrightness(0),
      _transitionDur(750),
      _targetFps(WLED_FPS),
      _frametime(FRAMETIME_FIXED),
@@ -692,7 +717,15 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      customMappingSize(0),
      _lastShow(0),
      _segment_index(0),
-      _mainSegment(0)
+      _mainSegment(0),
+      _queuedChangesSegId(255),
+      _qStart(0),
+      _qStop(0),
+      _qStartY(0),
+      _qStopY(0),
+      _qGrouping(0),
+      _qSpacing(0),
+      _qOffset(0)
    {
      WS2812FX::instance = this;
      _mode.reserve(_modeCount);     // allocate memory to prevent initial fragmentation (does not increase size())
@@ -710,7 +743,6 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      panel.clear();
 #endif
      customPalettes.clear();
-      if (_globalLedBuffer) free(_globalLedBuffer);
    }

    static WS2812FX* getInstance(void) { return instance; }
@@ -749,7 +781,7 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
    inline void trigger(void) { _triggered = true; } // Forces the next frame to be computed on all active segments.
    inline void setShowCallback(show_callback cb) { _callback = cb; }
    inline void setTransition(uint16_t t) { _transitionDur = t; }
-    inline void appendSegment(const Segment &seg = Segment()) { _segments.push_back(seg); }
+    inline void appendSegment(const Segment &seg = Segment()) { if (_segments.size() < getMaxSegments()) _segments.push_back(seg); }

    bool
      checkSegmentAlignment(void),
@@ -757,8 +789,7 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
      hasCCTBus(void),
      // return true if the strip is being sent pixel updates
      isUpdating(void),
-      deserializeMap(uint8_t n=0),
-      useGlobalLedBuffer = false;
+      deserializeMap(uint8_t n=0);

    inline bool isServicing(void) { return _isServicing; }
    inline bool hasWhiteChannel(void) {return _hasWhiteChannel;}
@@ -876,7 +907,7 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes

  private:
    uint16_t _length;
-    uint8_t  _brightness, _renderBrightness;
+    uint8_t  _brightness;
    uint16_t _transitionDur;

    uint8_t  _targetFps;
@@ -900,15 +931,20 @@ class WS2812FX {  // 96 bytes
    uint16_t* customMappingTable;
    uint16_t  customMappingSize;

-    uint32_t _lastShow;
+    unsigned long _lastShow;

    uint8_t _segment_index;
    uint8_t _mainSegment;
-
-    static uint32_t *_globalLedBuffer; // global leds[] array
+    uint8_t _queuedChangesSegId;
+    uint16_t _qStart, _qStop, _qStartY, _qStopY;
+    uint8_t _qGrouping, _qSpacing;
+    uint16_t _qOffset;

    uint8_t
      estimateCurrentAndLimitBri(void);
+
+    void
+      setUpSegmentFromQueuedChanges(void);
 };

 extern const char JSON_mode_names[];
--- a/wled00/FX_2Dfcn.cpp
+++ b/wled00/FX_2Dfcn.cpp
@@ -189,18 +189,16 @@ uint32_t WS2812FX::getPixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {

 // XY(x,y) - gets pixel index within current segment (often used to reference leds[] array element)
 uint16_t /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::XY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
-  uint16_t width  = virtualWidth();   // segment width in logical pixels
-  uint16_t height = virtualHeight();  // segment height in logical pixels
-  return (x%width) + (y%height) * width;
+  uint16_t width  = virtualWidth();   // segment width in logical pixels (can be 0 if segment is inactive)
+  uint16_t height = virtualHeight();  // segment height in logical pixels (is always >= 1)
+  return isActive() ? (x%width) + (y%height) * width : 0;
 }

 void /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t col)
 {
-  if (Segment::maxHeight==1) return; // not a matrix set-up
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (x >= virtualWidth() || y >= virtualHeight() || x<0 || y<0) return;  // if pixel would fall out of virtual segment just exit

-  if (leds) leds[XY(x,y)] = col;
-
  uint8_t _bri_t = currentBri(on ? opacity : 0);
  if (_bri_t < 255) {
    byte r = scale8(R(col), _bri_t);
@@ -218,23 +216,29 @@ void /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t col)
  y *= groupLength(); // expand to physical pixels
  if (x >= width() || y >= height()) return;  // if pixel would fall out of segment just exit

+  uint32_t tmpCol = col;
  for (int j = 0; j < grouping; j++) {   // groupping vertically
    for (int g = 0; g < grouping; g++) { // groupping horizontally
      uint16_t xX = (x+g), yY = (y+j);
      if (xX >= width() || yY >= height()) continue; // we have reached one dimension's end

-      strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + yY, col);
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MODE_BLEND
+      // if blending modes, blend with underlying pixel
+      if (_modeBlend) tmpCol = color_blend(strip.getPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + yY), col, 0xFFFFU - progress(), true);
+#endif
+
+      strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + yY, tmpCol);

      if (mirror) { //set the corresponding horizontally mirrored pixel
-        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, col);
-        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, col);
+        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, tmpCol);
+        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, tmpCol);
      }
      if (mirror_y) { //set the corresponding vertically mirrored pixel
-        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, col);
-        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, col);
+        if (transpose) strip.setPixelColorXY(start + width() - xX - 1, startY + yY, tmpCol);
+        else           strip.setPixelColorXY(start + xX, startY + height() - yY - 1, tmpCol);
      }
      if (mirror_y && mirror) { //set the corresponding vertically AND horizontally mirrored pixel
-        strip.setPixelColorXY(width() - xX - 1, height() - yY - 1, col);
+        strip.setPixelColorXY(width() - xX - 1, height() - yY - 1, tmpCol);
      }
    }
  }
@@ -243,7 +247,7 @@ void /*IRAM_ATTR*/ Segment::setPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t col)
 // anti-aliased version of setPixelColorXY()
 void Segment::setPixelColorXY(float x, float y, uint32_t col, bool aa)
 {
-  if (Segment::maxHeight==1) return; // not a matrix set-up
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (x<0.0f || x>1.0f || y<0.0f || y>1.0f) return; // not normalized

  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
@@ -286,8 +290,8 @@ void Segment::setPixelColorXY(float x, float y, uint32_t col, bool aa)

 // returns RGBW values of pixel
 uint32_t Segment::getPixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y) {
-  int i = XY(x,y);
-  if (leds) return RGBW32(leds[i].r, leds[i].g, leds[i].b, 0);
+  if (!isActive()) return 0; // not active
+  if (x >= virtualWidth() || y >= virtualHeight() || x<0 || y<0) return 0;  // if pixel would fall out of virtual segment just exit
  if (reverse  ) x = virtualWidth()  - x - 1;
  if (reverse_y) y = virtualHeight() - y - 1;
  if (transpose) { uint16_t t = x; x = y; y = t; } // swap X & Y if segment transposed
@@ -304,6 +308,8 @@ void Segment::blendPixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint32_t color, uint8_t

 // Adds the specified color with the existing pixel color perserving color balance.
 void Segment::addPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t color, bool fast) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
+  if (x >= virtualWidth() || y >= virtualHeight() || x<0 || y<0) return;  // if pixel would fall out of virtual segment just exit
  uint32_t col = getPixelColorXY(x,y);
  uint8_t r = R(col);
  uint8_t g = G(col);
@@ -322,62 +328,70 @@ void Segment::addPixelColorXY(int x, int y, uint32_t color, bool fast) {
 }

 void Segment::fadePixelColorXY(uint16_t x, uint16_t y, uint8_t fade) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  CRGB pix = CRGB(getPixelColorXY(x,y)).nscale8_video(fade);
  setPixelColorXY(x, y, pix);
 }

 // blurRow: perform a blur on a row of a rectangular matrix
 void Segment::blurRow(uint16_t row, fract8 blur_amount) {
-  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
-  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
+  const uint_fast16_t cols = virtualWidth();
+  const uint_fast16_t rows = virtualHeight();

  if (row >= rows) return;
  // blur one row
  uint8_t keep = 255 - blur_amount;
  uint8_t seep = blur_amount >> 1;
  CRGB carryover = CRGB::Black;
-  for (uint16_t x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
+  for (uint_fast16_t x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
    CRGB cur = getPixelColorXY(x, row);
+    CRGB before = cur;     // remember color before blur
    CRGB part = cur;
    part.nscale8(seep);
    cur.nscale8(keep);
    cur += carryover;
-    if (x) {
+    if (x>0) {
      CRGB prev = CRGB(getPixelColorXY(x-1, row)) + part;
      setPixelColorXY(x-1, row, prev);
    }
-    setPixelColorXY(x, row, cur);
+    if (before != cur)         // optimization: only set pixel if color has changed
+      setPixelColorXY(x, row, cur);
    carryover = part;
  }
 }

 // blurCol: perform a blur on a column of a rectangular matrix
 void Segment::blurCol(uint16_t col, fract8 blur_amount) {
-  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
-  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
+  const uint_fast16_t cols = virtualWidth();
+  const uint_fast16_t rows = virtualHeight();

  if (col >= cols) return;
  // blur one column
  uint8_t keep = 255 - blur_amount;
  uint8_t seep = blur_amount >> 1;
  CRGB carryover = CRGB::Black;
-  for (uint16_t i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
-    CRGB cur = getPixelColorXY(col, i);
+  for (uint_fast16_t y = 0; y < rows; y++) {
+    CRGB cur = getPixelColorXY(col, y);
    CRGB part = cur;
+    CRGB before = cur;     // remember color before blur
    part.nscale8(seep);
    cur.nscale8(keep);
    cur += carryover;
-    if (i) {
-      CRGB prev = CRGB(getPixelColorXY(col, i-1)) + part;
-      setPixelColorXY(col, i-1, prev);
+    if (y>0) {
+      CRGB prev = CRGB(getPixelColorXY(col, y-1)) + part;
+      setPixelColorXY(col, y-1, prev);
    }
-    setPixelColorXY(col, i, cur);
+    if (before != cur)         // optimization: only set pixel if color has changed
+      setPixelColorXY(col, y, cur);
    carryover = part;
  }
 }

 // 1D Box blur (with added weight - blur_amount: [0=no blur, 255=max blur])
 void Segment::box_blur(uint16_t i, bool vertical, fract8 blur_amount) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  const uint16_t dim1 = vertical ? rows : cols;
@@ -390,8 +404,8 @@ void Segment::box_blur(uint16_t i, bool vertical, fract8 blur_amount) {
  for (uint16_t j = 0; j < dim1; j++) {
    uint16_t x = vertical ? i : j;
    uint16_t y = vertical ? j : i;
-    uint16_t xp = vertical ? x : x-1;
-    uint16_t yp = vertical ? y-1 : y;
+    int16_t xp = vertical ? x : x-1;  // "signed" to prevent underflow
+    int16_t yp = vertical ? y-1 : y;  // "signed" to prevent underflow
    uint16_t xn = vertical ? x : x+1;
    uint16_t yn = vertical ? y+1 : y;
    CRGB curr = getPixelColorXY(x,y);
@@ -430,6 +444,7 @@ void Segment::blur1d(fract8 blur_amount) {
 }

 void Segment::moveX(int8_t delta, bool wrap) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  if (!delta || abs(delta) >= cols) return;
@@ -447,6 +462,7 @@ void Segment::moveX(int8_t delta, bool wrap) {
 }

 void Segment::moveY(int8_t delta, bool wrap) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  if (!delta || abs(delta) >= rows) return;
@@ -482,6 +498,7 @@ void Segment::move(uint8_t dir, uint8_t delta, bool wrap) {
 }

 void Segment::draw_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  // Bresenham’s Algorithm
  int d = 3 - (2*radius);
  int y = radius, x = 0;
@@ -506,6 +523,7 @@ void Segment::draw_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {

 // by stepko, taken from https://editor.soulmatelights.com/gallery/573-blobs
 void Segment::fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  for (int16_t y = -radius; y <= radius; y++) {
@@ -519,6 +537,7 @@ void Segment::fill_circle(uint16_t cx, uint16_t cy, uint8_t radius, CRGB col) {
 }

 void Segment::nscale8(uint8_t scale) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  for(uint16_t y = 0; y < rows; y++) for (uint16_t x = 0; x < cols; x++) {
@@ -528,6 +547,7 @@ void Segment::nscale8(uint8_t scale) {

 //line function
 void Segment::drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint32_t c) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
  const uint16_t rows = virtualHeight();
  if (x0 >= cols || x1 >= cols || y0 >= rows || y1 >= rows) return;
@@ -551,7 +571,8 @@ void Segment::drawLine(uint16_t x0, uint16_t y0, uint16_t x1, uint16_t y1, uint3

 // draws a raster font character on canvas
 // only supports: 4x6=24, 5x8=40, 5x12=60, 6x8=48 and 7x9=63 fonts ATM
-void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2) {
+void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w, uint8_t h, uint32_t color, uint32_t col2, uint8_t rotate) {
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  if (chr < 32 || chr > 126) return; // only ASCII 32-126 supported
  chr -= 32; // align with font table entries
  const uint16_t cols = virtualWidth();
@@ -563,9 +584,6 @@ void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w,

  //if (w<5 || w>6 || h!=8) return;
  for (int i = 0; i<h; i++) { // character height
-    int16_t y0 = y + i;
-    if (y0 < 0) continue; // drawing off-screen
-    if (y0 >= rows) break; // drawing off-screen
    uint8_t bits = 0;
    switch (font) {
      case 24: bits = pgm_read_byte_near(&console_font_4x6[(chr * h) + i]); break;  // 5x8 font
@@ -577,8 +595,15 @@ void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w,
    }
    col = ColorFromPalette(grad, (i+1)*255/h, 255, NOBLEND);
    for (int j = 0; j<w; j++) { // character width
-      int16_t x0 = x + (w-1) - j;
-      if ((x0 >= 0 || x0 < cols) && ((bits>>(j+(8-w))) & 0x01)) { // bit set & drawing on-screen
+      int x0, y0;
+      switch (rotate) {
+        case  3: x0 = x + (h-1) - i; y0 = y + (w-1) - j; break;
+        case  2: x0 = x + j;         y0 = y + (h-1) - i; break;
+        case  1: x0 = x + i;         y0 = y + j;         break;
+        default: x0 = x + (w-1) - j; y0 = y + i;         break;
+      }
+      if (x0 < 0 || x0 >= cols || y0 < 0 || y0 >= rows) continue; // drawing off-screen
+      if (((bits>>(j+(8-w))) & 0x01)) { // bit set
        setPixelColorXY(x0, y0, col);
      }
    }
@@ -587,6 +612,7 @@ void Segment::drawCharacter(unsigned char chr, int16_t x, int16_t y, uint8_t w,

 #define WU_WEIGHT(a,b) ((uint8_t) (((a)*(b)+(a)+(b))>>8))
 void Segment::wu_pixel(uint32_t x, uint32_t y, CRGB c) {      //awesome wu_pixel procedure by reddit u/sutaburosu
+  if (!isActive()) return; // not active
  // extract the fractional parts and derive their inverses
  uint8_t xx = x & 0xff, yy = y & 0xff, ix = 255 - xx, iy = 255 - yy;
  // calculate the intensities for each affected pixel
--- a/wled00/FX_fcn.cpp
+++ b/wled00/FX_fcn.cpp
--- a/wled00/NodeStruct.h
+++ b/wled00/NodeStruct.h
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 #include <IPAddress.h>

 #define NODE_TYPE_ID_UNDEFINED        0
-#define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP8266         82
-#define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP32           32
-#define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP32S2         33
+#define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP8266         82 // should be 1
+#define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP32           32 // should be 2
+#define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP32S2         33 // etc
 #define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP32S3         34
 #define NODE_TYPE_ID_ESP32C3         35

@@ -23,7 +23,13 @@ struct NodeStruct
  String    nodeName;
  IPAddress ip;
  uint8_t   age;
-  uint8_t   nodeType;
+  union {
+    uint8_t nodeType;   // a waste of space as we only have 5 types
+    struct {
+      uint8_t type : 7; // still a waste of space (4 bits would be enough and future-proof)
+      bool    on   : 1;
+    };
+  };
  uint32_t  build;

  NodeStruct() : age(0), nodeType(0), build(0)
--- a/wled00/bus_manager.cpp
+++ b/wled00/bus_manager.cpp
@@ -91,96 +91,172 @@ uint32_t Bus::autoWhiteCalc(uint32_t c) {
  return RGBW32(r, g, b, w);
 }

+uint8_t *Bus::allocData(size_t size) {
+  if (_data) free(_data); // should not happen, but for safety
+  return _data = (uint8_t *)(size>0 ? calloc(size, sizeof(uint8_t)) : nullptr);
+}

-BusDigital::BusDigital(BusConfig &bc, uint8_t nr, const ColorOrderMap &com) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite), _colorOrderMap(com) {
+
+BusDigital::BusDigital(BusConfig &bc, uint8_t nr, const ColorOrderMap &com)
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, bc.count, bc.reversed, (bc.refreshReq || bc.type == TYPE_TM1814))
+, _skip(bc.skipAmount) //sacrificial pixels
+, _colorOrder(bc.colorOrder)
+, _colorOrderMap(com)
+{
  if (!IS_DIGITAL(bc.type) || !bc.count) return;
  if (!pinManager.allocatePin(bc.pins[0], true, PinOwner::BusDigital)) return;
  _frequencykHz = 0U;
  _pins[0] = bc.pins[0];
  if (IS_2PIN(bc.type)) {
    if (!pinManager.allocatePin(bc.pins[1], true, PinOwner::BusDigital)) {
-    cleanup(); return;
+      cleanup();
+      return;
    }
    _pins[1] = bc.pins[1];
    _frequencykHz = bc.frequency ? bc.frequency : 2000U; // 2MHz clock if undefined
  }
-  reversed = bc.reversed;
-  _needsRefresh = bc.refreshReq || bc.type == TYPE_TM1814;
-  _skip = bc.skipAmount;    //sacrificial pixels
-  _len = bc.count + _skip;
  _iType = PolyBus::getI(bc.type, _pins, nr);
  if (_iType == I_NONE) return;
-  uint16_t lenToCreate = _len;
-  if (bc.type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) lenToCreate = NUM_ICS_WS2812_1CH_3X(_len); // only needs a third of "RGB" LEDs for NeoPixelBus 
-  _busPtr = PolyBus::create(_iType, _pins, lenToCreate, nr, _frequencykHz);
+  if (bc.doubleBuffer && !allocData(bc.count * (Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type)))) return; //warning: hardcoded channel count
+  _buffering = bc.doubleBuffer;
+  uint16_t lenToCreate = bc.count;
+  if (bc.type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) lenToCreate = NUM_ICS_WS2812_1CH_3X(bc.count); // only needs a third of "RGB" LEDs for NeoPixelBus
+  _busPtr = PolyBus::create(_iType, _pins, lenToCreate + _skip, nr, _frequencykHz);
  _valid = (_busPtr != nullptr);
-  _colorOrder = bc.colorOrder;
-  DEBUG_PRINTF("%successfully inited strip %u (len %u) with type %u and pins %u,%u (itype %u)\n", _valid?"S":"Uns", nr, _len, bc.type, _pins[0],_pins[1],_iType);
+  DEBUG_PRINTF("%successfully inited strip %u (len %u) with type %u and pins %u,%u (itype %u)\n", _valid?"S":"Uns", nr, bc.count, bc.type, _pins[0], _pins[1], _iType);
 }

 void BusDigital::show() {
-  PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType);
+  if (!_valid) return;
+  if (_buffering) { // should be _data != nullptr, but that causes ~20% FPS drop
+    size_t channels = Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type);
+    for (size_t i=0; i<_len; i++) {
+      size_t offset = i*channels;
+      uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(i+_start, _colorOrder);
+      uint32_t c;
+      if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs (_len is always a multiple of 3)
+        switch (i%3) {
+          case 0: c = RGBW32(_data[offset]  , _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], 0); break;
+          case 1: c = RGBW32(_data[offset-1], _data[offset]  , _data[offset+1], 0); break;
+          case 2: c = RGBW32(_data[offset-2], _data[offset-1], _data[offset]  , 0); break;
+        }
+      } else {
+        c = RGBW32(_data[offset],_data[offset+1],_data[offset+2],(Bus::hasWhite(_type)?_data[offset+3]:0));
+      }
+      uint16_t pix = i;
+      if (_reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
+      pix += _skip;
+      PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, c, co);
+    }
+    #if !defined(STATUSLED) || STATUSLED>=0
+    if (_skip) PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, 0, 0, _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(_start, _colorOrder)); // paint skipped pixels black
+    #endif
+    for (int i=1; i<_skip; i++) PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, i, 0, _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(_start, _colorOrder)); // paint skipped pixels black
+  }
+  PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType, !_buffering); // faster if buffer consistency is not important
 }

 bool BusDigital::canShow() {
+  if (!_valid) return true;
  return PolyBus::canShow(_busPtr, _iType);
 }

 void BusDigital::setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
+  if (_bri == b) return;
  //Fix for turning off onboard LED breaking bus
  #ifdef LED_BUILTIN
-  if (_bri == 0 && b > 0) {
-    if (_pins[0] == LED_BUILTIN || _pins[1] == LED_BUILTIN) PolyBus::begin(_busPtr, _iType, _pins);
+  if (_bri == 0) { // && b > 0, covered by guard if above
+    if (_pins[0] == LED_BUILTIN || _pins[1] == LED_BUILTIN) reinit();
  }
  #endif
+  uint8_t prevBri = _bri;
  Bus::setBrightness(b);
  PolyBus::setBrightness(_busPtr, _iType, b);
+
+  if (_buffering) return;
+
+  // must update/repaint every LED in the NeoPixelBus buffer to the new brightness
+  // the only case where repainting is unnecessary is when all pixels are set after the brightness change but before the next show
+  // (which we can't rely on)
+  uint16_t hwLen = _len;
+  if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) hwLen = NUM_ICS_WS2812_1CH_3X(_len); // only needs a third of "RGB" LEDs for NeoPixelBus
+  for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < hwLen; i++) {
+    // use 0 as color order, actual order does not matter here as we just update the channel values as-is
+    uint32_t c = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, i, 0),prevBri);
+    PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, i, c, 0);
+  }
 }

 //If LEDs are skipped, it is possible to use the first as a status LED.
 //TODO only show if no new show due in the next 50ms
 void BusDigital::setStatusPixel(uint32_t c) {
-  if (_skip && canShow()) {
+  if (_valid && _skip) {
    PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, 0, c, _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(_start, _colorOrder));
-    PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType);
+    if (canShow()) PolyBus::show(_busPtr, _iType);
  }
 }

 void IRAM_ATTR BusDigital::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
-  if (_type == TYPE_SK6812_RGBW || _type == TYPE_TM1814 || _type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
+  if (!_valid) return;
+  if (Bus::hasWhite(_type)) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
  if (_cct >= 1900) c = colorBalanceFromKelvin(_cct, c); //color correction from CCT
-  if (reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
-  else pix += _skip;
-  uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(pix+_start, _colorOrder);
-  if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs
-    uint16_t pOld = pix;
-    pix = IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix);
-    uint32_t cOld = PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co);
-    switch (pOld % 3) { // change only the single channel (TODO: this can cause loss because of get/set)
-      case 0: c = RGBW32(R(cOld), W(c)   , B(cOld), 0); break;
-      case 1: c = RGBW32(W(c)   , G(cOld), B(cOld), 0); break;
-      case 2: c = RGBW32(R(cOld), G(cOld), W(c)   , 0); break;
+  if (_buffering) { // should be _data != nullptr, but that causes ~20% FPS drop
+    size_t channels = Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type);
+    size_t offset = pix*channels;
+    if (Bus::hasRGB(_type)) {
+      _data[offset++] = R(c);
+      _data[offset++] = G(c);
+      _data[offset++] = B(c);
    }
+    if (Bus::hasWhite(_type)) _data[offset] = W(c);
+  } else {
+    if (_reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
+    pix += _skip;
+    uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(pix+_start, _colorOrder);
+    if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs
+      uint16_t pOld = pix;
+      pix = IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix);
+      uint32_t cOld = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co),_bri);
+      switch (pOld % 3) { // change only the single channel (TODO: this can cause loss because of get/set)
+        case 0: c = RGBW32(R(cOld), W(c)   , B(cOld), 0); break;
+        case 1: c = RGBW32(W(c)   , G(cOld), B(cOld), 0); break;
+        case 2: c = RGBW32(R(cOld), G(cOld), W(c)   , 0); break;
+      }
+    }
+    PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, c, co);
  }
-  PolyBus::setPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, c, co);
 }

+// returns original color if global buffering is enabled, else returns lossly restored color from bus
 uint32_t BusDigital::getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) {
-  if (reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
-  else pix += _skip;
-  uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(pix+_start, _colorOrder);
-  if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs
-    uint16_t pOld = pix;
-    pix = IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix);
-    uint32_t c = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co));
-    switch (pOld % 3) { // get only the single channel
-      case 0: c = RGBW32(G(c), G(c), G(c), G(c)); break;
-      case 1: c = RGBW32(R(c), R(c), R(c), R(c)); break;
-      case 2: c = RGBW32(B(c), B(c), B(c), B(c)); break;
+  if (!_valid) return 0;
+  if (_buffering) { // should be _data != nullptr, but that causes ~20% FPS drop
+    size_t channels = Bus::hasWhite(_type) + 3*Bus::hasRGB(_type);
+    size_t offset = pix*channels;
+    uint32_t c;
+    if (!Bus::hasRGB(_type)) {
+      c = RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset], _data[offset], _data[offset]);
+    } else {
+      c = RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], Bus::hasWhite(_type) ? _data[offset+3] : 0);
+    }
+    return c;
+  } else {
+    if (_reversed) pix = _len - pix -1;
+    pix += _skip;
+    uint8_t co = _colorOrderMap.getPixelColorOrder(pix+_start, _colorOrder);
+    uint32_t c = restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, (_type==TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) ? IC_INDEX_WS2812_1CH_3X(pix) : pix, co),_bri);
+    if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_1CH_X3) { // map to correct IC, each controls 3 LEDs
+      uint8_t r = R(c);
+      uint8_t g = _reversed ? B(c) : G(c); // should G and B be switched if _reversed?
+      uint8_t b = _reversed ? G(c) : B(c);
+      switch (pix % 3) { // get only the single channel
+        case 0: c = RGBW32(g, g, g, g); break;
+        case 1: c = RGBW32(r, r, r, r); break;
+        case 2: c = RGBW32(b, b, b, b); break;
+      }
    }
    return c;
  }
-  return restoreColorLossy(PolyBus::getPixelColor(_busPtr, _iType, pix, co));
 }

 uint8_t BusDigital::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
@@ -196,6 +272,7 @@ void BusDigital::setColorOrder(uint8_t colorOrder) {
 }

 void BusDigital::reinit() {
+  if (!_valid) return;
  PolyBus::begin(_busPtr, _iType, _pins);
 }

@@ -205,13 +282,15 @@ void BusDigital::cleanup() {
  _iType = I_NONE;
  _valid = false;
  _busPtr = nullptr;
+  if (_data != nullptr) freeData();
  pinManager.deallocatePin(_pins[1], PinOwner::BusDigital);
  pinManager.deallocatePin(_pins[0], PinOwner::BusDigital);
 }


-BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
-  _valid = false;
+BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc)
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, 1, bc.reversed)
+{
  if (!IS_PWM(bc.type)) return;
  uint8_t numPins = NUM_PWM_PINS(bc.type);
  _frequency = bc.frequency ? bc.frequency : WLED_PWM_FREQ;
@@ -229,7 +308,7 @@ BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numPins; i++) {
    uint8_t currentPin = bc.pins[i];
    if (!pinManager.allocatePin(currentPin, true, PinOwner::BusPwm)) {
-    deallocatePins(); return;
+      deallocatePins(); return;
    }
    _pins[i] = currentPin; //store only after allocatePin() succeeds
    #ifdef ESP8266
@@ -239,7 +318,7 @@ BusPwm::BusPwm(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
    ledcAttachPin(_pins[i], _ledcStart + i);
    #endif
  }
-  reversed = bc.reversed;
+  _data = _pwmdata; // avoid malloc() and use stack
  _valid = true;
 }

@@ -307,7 +386,7 @@ void BusPwm::show() {
  uint8_t numPins = NUM_PWM_PINS(_type);
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numPins; i++) {
    uint8_t scaled = (_data[i] * _bri) / 255;
-    if (reversed) scaled = 255 - scaled;
+    if (_reversed) scaled = 255 - scaled;
    #ifdef ESP8266
    analogWrite(_pins[i], scaled);
    #else
@@ -342,8 +421,10 @@ void BusPwm::deallocatePins() {
 }


-BusOnOff::BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
-  _valid = false;
+BusOnOff::BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc)
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, 1, bc.reversed)
+, _onoffdata(0)
+{
  if (bc.type != TYPE_ONOFF) return;

  uint8_t currentPin = bc.pins[0];
@@ -352,7 +433,7 @@ BusOnOff::BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
  }
  _pin = currentPin; //store only after allocatePin() succeeds
  pinMode(_pin, OUTPUT);
-  reversed = bc.reversed;
+  _data = &_onoffdata; // avoid malloc() and use stack
  _valid = true;
 }

@@ -363,18 +444,17 @@ void BusOnOff::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
  uint8_t g = G(c);
  uint8_t b = B(c);
  uint8_t w = W(c);
-
-  _data = bool(r|g|b|w) && bool(_bri) ? 0xFF : 0;
+  _data[0] = bool(r|g|b|w) && bool(_bri) ? 0xFF : 0;
 }

 uint32_t BusOnOff::getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) {
  if (!_valid) return 0;
-  return RGBW32(_data, _data, _data, _data);
+  return RGBW32(_data[0], _data[0], _data[0], _data[0]);
 }

 void BusOnOff::show() {
  if (!_valid) return;
-  digitalWrite(_pin, reversed ? !(bool)_data : (bool)_data);
+  digitalWrite(_pin, _reversed ? !(bool)_data[0] : (bool)_data[0]);
 }

 uint8_t BusOnOff::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
@@ -384,8 +464,10 @@ uint8_t BusOnOff::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
 }


-BusNetwork::BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
-  _valid = false;
+BusNetwork::BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc)
+: Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite, bc.count)
+, _broadcastLock(false)
+{
  switch (bc.type) {
    case TYPE_NET_ARTNET_RGB:
      _rgbw = false;
@@ -401,18 +483,13 @@ BusNetwork::BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc) : Bus(bc.type, bc.start, bc.autoWhite) {
      break;
  }
  _UDPchannels = _rgbw ? 4 : 3;
-  _data = (byte *)malloc(bc.count * _UDPchannels);
-  if (_data == nullptr) return;
-  memset(_data, 0, bc.count * _UDPchannels);
-  _len = bc.count;
  _client = IPAddress(bc.pins[0],bc.pins[1],bc.pins[2],bc.pins[3]);
-  _broadcastLock = false;
-  _valid = true;
+  _valid = (allocData(_len * _UDPchannels) != nullptr);
 }

 void BusNetwork::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
  if (!_valid || pix >= _len) return;
-  if (hasWhite()) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
+  if (_rgbw) c = autoWhiteCalc(c);
  if (_cct >= 1900) c = colorBalanceFromKelvin(_cct, c); //color correction from CCT
  uint16_t offset = pix * _UDPchannels;
  _data[offset]   = R(c);
@@ -424,7 +501,7 @@ void BusNetwork::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
 uint32_t BusNetwork::getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) {
  if (!_valid || pix >= _len) return 0;
  uint16_t offset = pix * _UDPchannels;
-  return RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], _rgbw ? (_data[offset+3] << 24) : 0);
+  return RGBW32(_data[offset], _data[offset+1], _data[offset+2], (_rgbw ? _data[offset+3] : 0));
 }

 void BusNetwork::show() {
@@ -444,8 +521,7 @@ uint8_t BusNetwork::getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) {
 void BusNetwork::cleanup() {
  _type = I_NONE;
  _valid = false;
-  if (_data != nullptr) free(_data);
-  _data = nullptr;
+  freeData();
 }


@@ -515,15 +591,6 @@ void IRAM_ATTR BusManager::setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) {
  }
 }

-void BusManager::setColorsFromBuffer(uint32_t* buf) {
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numBusses; i++) {
-    Bus* b = busses[i];
-    uint16_t bstart = b->getStart();
-    for (uint16_t pix = 0; pix < b->getLength(); pix++)
-      busses[i]->setPixelColor(pix, buf[bstart + pix]);
-  }
-}
-
 void BusManager::setBrightness(uint8_t b) {
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < numBusses; i++) {
    busses[i]->setBrightness(b);
@@ -572,4 +639,3 @@ uint16_t BusManager::getTotalLength() {
 int16_t Bus::_cct = -1;
 uint8_t Bus::_cctBlend = 0;
 uint8_t Bus::_gAWM = 255;
-uint8_t Bus::_restaurationBri = 255;
--- a/wled00/bus_manager.h
+++ b/wled00/bus_manager.h
@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #define IC_INDEX_WS2812_2CH_3X(i)  ((i)*2/3)
 #define WS2812_2CH_3X_SPANS_2_ICS(i) ((i)&0x01)    // every other LED zone is on two different ICs

+// flag for using double buffering in BusDigital
+extern bool useGlobalLedBuffer;
+
+
 //temporary struct for passing bus configuration to bus
 struct BusConfig {
  uint8_t type;
@@ -30,15 +34,25 @@ struct BusConfig {
  uint8_t autoWhite;
  uint8_t pins[5] = {LEDPIN, 255, 255, 255, 255};
  uint16_t frequency;
-  BusConfig(uint8_t busType, uint8_t* ppins, uint16_t pstart, uint16_t len = 1, uint8_t pcolorOrder = COL_ORDER_GRB, bool rev = false, uint8_t skip = 0, byte aw=RGBW_MODE_MANUAL_ONLY, uint16_t clock_kHz=0U) {
+  bool doubleBuffer;
+
+  BusConfig(uint8_t busType, uint8_t* ppins, uint16_t pstart, uint16_t len = 1, uint8_t pcolorOrder = COL_ORDER_GRB, bool rev = false, uint8_t skip = 0, byte aw=RGBW_MODE_MANUAL_ONLY, uint16_t clock_kHz=0U, bool dblBfr=false)
+  : count(len)
+  , start(pstart)
+  , colorOrder(pcolorOrder)
+  , reversed(rev)
+  , skipAmount(skip)
+  , autoWhite(aw)
+  , frequency(clock_kHz)
+  , doubleBuffer(dblBfr)
+  {
    refreshReq = (bool) GET_BIT(busType,7);
    type = busType & 0x7F;  // bit 7 may be/is hacked to include refresh info (1=refresh in off state, 0=no refresh)
-    count = len; start = pstart; colorOrder = pcolorOrder; reversed = rev; skipAmount = skip; autoWhite = aw; frequency = clock_kHz;
-    uint8_t nPins = 1;
+    size_t nPins = 1;
    if (type >= TYPE_NET_DDP_RGB && type < 96) nPins = 4; //virtual network bus. 4 "pins" store IP address
    else if (type > 47) nPins = 2;
    else if (type > 40 && type < 46) nPins = NUM_PWM_PINS(type);
-    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < nPins; i++) pins[i] = ppins[i];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < nPins; i++) pins[i] = ppins[i];
  }

  //validates start and length and extends total if needed
@@ -54,6 +68,7 @@ struct BusConfig {
  }
 };

+
 // Defines an LED Strip and its color ordering.
 struct ColorOrderMapEntry {
  uint16_t start;
@@ -64,9 +79,7 @@ struct ColorOrderMapEntry {
 struct ColorOrderMap {
    void add(uint16_t start, uint16_t len, uint8_t colorOrder);

-    uint8_t count() const {
-      return _count;
-    }
+    uint8_t count() const { return _count; }

    void reset() {
      _count = 0;
@@ -87,56 +100,63 @@ struct ColorOrderMap {
    ColorOrderMapEntry _mappings[WLED_MAX_COLOR_ORDER_MAPPINGS];
 };

+
 //parent class of BusDigital, BusPwm, and BusNetwork
 class Bus {
  public:
-    Bus(uint8_t type, uint16_t start, uint8_t aw)
-    : _bri(255)
-    , _len(1)
+    Bus(uint8_t type, uint16_t start, uint8_t aw, uint16_t len = 1, bool reversed = false, bool refresh = false)
+    : _type(type)
+    , _bri(255)
+    , _start(start)
+    , _len(len)
+    , _reversed(reversed)
    , _valid(false)
-    , _needsRefresh(false)
+    , _needsRefresh(refresh)
+    , _data(nullptr) // keep data access consistent across all types of buses
    {
-      _type = type;
-      _start = start;
      _autoWhiteMode = Bus::hasWhite(_type) ? aw : RGBW_MODE_MANUAL_ONLY;
    };

    virtual ~Bus() {} //throw the bus under the bus

    virtual void     show() = 0;
-    virtual bool     canShow() { return true; }
-    virtual void     setStatusPixel(uint32_t c) {}
+    virtual bool     canShow()                   { return true; }
+    virtual void     setStatusPixel(uint32_t c)  {}
    virtual void     setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c) = 0;
    virtual uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix) { return 0; }
-    virtual void     setBrightness(uint8_t b) { _bri = b; };
+    virtual void     setBrightness(uint8_t b)    { _bri = b; };
    virtual void     cleanup() = 0;
-    virtual uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray) { return 0; }
-    virtual uint16_t getLength() { return _len; }
-    virtual void     setColorOrder() {}
-    virtual uint8_t  getColorOrder() { return COL_ORDER_RGB; }
-    virtual uint8_t  skippedLeds() { return 0; }
-    virtual uint16_t getFrequency() { return 0U; }
-    inline  uint16_t getStart() { return _start; }
-    inline  void     setStart(uint16_t start) { _start = start; }
-    inline  uint8_t  getType() { return _type; }
-    inline  bool     isOk() { return _valid; }
-    inline  bool     isOffRefreshRequired() { return _needsRefresh; }
+    virtual uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray)  { return 0; }
+    virtual uint16_t getLength()                 { return _len; }
+    virtual void     setColorOrder()             {}
+    virtual uint8_t  getColorOrder()             { return COL_ORDER_RGB; }
+    virtual uint8_t  skippedLeds()               { return 0; }
+    virtual uint16_t getFrequency()              { return 0U; }
+    inline  void     setReversed(bool reversed)  { _reversed = reversed; }
+    inline  uint16_t getStart()                  { return _start; }
+    inline  void     setStart(uint16_t start)    { _start = start; }
+    inline  uint8_t  getType()                   { return _type; }
+    inline  bool     isOk()                      { return _valid; }
+    inline  bool     isReversed()                { return _reversed; }
+    inline  bool     isOffRefreshRequired()      { return _needsRefresh; }
            bool     containsPixel(uint16_t pix) { return pix >= _start && pix < _start+_len; }

-    virtual bool hasRGB() {
-      if ((_type >= TYPE_WS2812_1CH && _type <= TYPE_WS2812_WWA) || _type == TYPE_ANALOG_1CH || _type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH || _type == TYPE_ONOFF) return false;
+    virtual bool hasRGB(void) { return Bus::hasRGB(_type); }
+    static  bool hasRGB(uint8_t type) {
+      if ((type >= TYPE_WS2812_1CH && type <= TYPE_WS2812_WWA) || type == TYPE_ANALOG_1CH || type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH || type == TYPE_ONOFF) return false;
      return true;
    }
-    virtual bool hasWhite() { return Bus::hasWhite(_type); }
+    virtual bool hasWhite(void) { return Bus::hasWhite(_type); }
    static  bool hasWhite(uint8_t type) {
      if ((type >= TYPE_WS2812_1CH && type <= TYPE_WS2812_WWA) || type == TYPE_SK6812_RGBW || type == TYPE_TM1814) return true; // digital types with white channel
      if (type > TYPE_ONOFF && type <= TYPE_ANALOG_5CH && type != TYPE_ANALOG_3CH) return true; // analog types with white channel
      if (type == TYPE_NET_DDP_RGBW) return true; // network types with white channel
      return false;
    }
-    virtual bool hasCCT() {
-      if (_type == TYPE_WS2812_2CH_X3 || _type == TYPE_WS2812_WWA ||
-          _type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH    || _type == TYPE_ANALOG_5CH) return true;
+    virtual bool hasCCT(void) { return Bus::hasCCT(_type); }
+    static  bool hasCCT(uint8_t type) {
+      if (type == TYPE_WS2812_2CH_X3 || type == TYPE_WS2812_WWA ||
+          type == TYPE_ANALOG_2CH    || type == TYPE_ANALOG_5CH) return true;
      return false;
    }
    static void setCCT(uint16_t cct) {
@@ -154,86 +174,63 @@ class Bus {
    inline        uint8_t getAutoWhiteMode()          { return _autoWhiteMode; }
    inline static void    setGlobalAWMode(uint8_t m)  { if (m < 5) _gAWM = m; else _gAWM = AW_GLOBAL_DISABLED; }
    inline static uint8_t getGlobalAWMode()           { return _gAWM; }
-    inline static void    setRestoreBri(uint8_t b)    { _restaurationBri = b; }
-
-    bool reversed = false;

  protected:
    uint8_t  _type;
    uint8_t  _bri;
    uint16_t _start;
    uint16_t _len;
+    bool     _reversed;
    bool     _valid;
    bool     _needsRefresh;
    uint8_t  _autoWhiteMode;
+    uint8_t  *_data;
    static uint8_t _gAWM;
    static int16_t _cct;
    static uint8_t _cctBlend;
-    static uint8_t _restaurationBri; // previous brightness used as setPixelColor was called. Used for lossy restoration

    uint32_t autoWhiteCalc(uint32_t c);
+    uint8_t *allocData(size_t size = 1);
+    void     freeData() { if (_data != nullptr) free(_data); _data = nullptr; }
 };


 class BusDigital : public Bus {
  public:
    BusDigital(BusConfig &bc, uint8_t nr, const ColorOrderMap &com);
+    ~BusDigital() { cleanup(); }

-    inline void show();
-
+    void show();
    bool canShow();
-
    void setBrightness(uint8_t b);
-
    void setStatusPixel(uint32_t c);
-
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
-
-    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
-
-    uint8_t getColorOrder() {
-      return _colorOrder;
-    }
-
-    uint16_t getLength() {
-      return _len - _skip;
-    }
-
-    uint8_t getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-
    void setColorOrder(uint8_t colorOrder);
-
-    uint8_t skippedLeds() {
-      return _skip;
-    }
-
-    uint16_t getFrequency() { return _frequencykHz; }
-
+    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
+    uint8_t  getColorOrder() { return _colorOrder; }
+    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
+    uint8_t  skippedLeds()   { return _skip; }
+    uint16_t getFrequency()  { return _frequencykHz; }
    void reinit();
-
    void cleanup();

-    ~BusDigital() {
-      cleanup();
-    }
-
  private:
-    uint8_t _colorOrder = COL_ORDER_GRB;
-    uint8_t _pins[2] = {255, 255};
-    uint8_t _iType = 0; //I_NONE;
-    uint8_t _skip = 0;
-    uint16_t _frequencykHz = 0U;
-    void * _busPtr = nullptr;
+    uint8_t _skip;
+    uint8_t _colorOrder;
+    uint8_t _pins[2];
+    uint8_t _iType;
+    uint16_t _frequencykHz;
+    void * _busPtr;
    const ColorOrderMap &_colorOrderMap;
+    bool _buffering; // temporary until we figure out why comparison "_data != nullptr" causes severe FPS drop

-    inline uint32_t restoreColorLossy(uint32_t c) {
-      if (_bri == 255) return c;
-      uint8_t* chan = (uint8_t*) &c;
-
-      for (uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++)
-      {
-        uint16_t val = chan[i];
-        chan[i] = ((val << 8) + _restaurationBri) / (_restaurationBri + 1); //adding _bri slighly improves recovery / stops degradation on re-scale
+    inline uint32_t restoreColorLossy(uint32_t c, uint8_t restoreBri) {
+      if (restoreBri < 255) {
+        uint8_t* chan = (uint8_t*) &c;
+        for (uint_fast8_t i=0; i<4; i++) {
+          uint_fast16_t val = chan[i];
+          chan[i] = ((val << 8) + restoreBri) / (restoreBri + 1); //adding _bri slighly improves recovery / stops degradation on re-scale
+        }
      }
      return c;
    }
@@ -243,33 +240,22 @@ class BusDigital : public Bus {
 class BusPwm : public Bus {
  public:
    BusPwm(BusConfig &bc);
+    ~BusPwm() { cleanup(); }

    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
-
-    //does no index check
-    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
-
-    void show();
-
-    uint8_t getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-
+    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix); //does no index check
+    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
    uint16_t getFrequency() { return _frequency; }
-
-    void cleanup() {
-      deallocatePins();
-    }
-
-    ~BusPwm() {
-      cleanup();
-    }
+    void show();
+    void cleanup() { deallocatePins(); }

  private:
-    uint8_t _pins[5] = {255, 255, 255, 255, 255};
-    uint8_t _data[5] = {0};
+    uint8_t _pins[5];
+    uint8_t _pwmdata[5];
    #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-    uint8_t _ledcStart = 255;
+    uint8_t _ledcStart;
    #endif
-    uint16_t _frequency = 0U;
+    uint16_t _frequency;

    void deallocatePins();
 };
@@ -278,72 +264,46 @@ class BusPwm : public Bus {
 class BusOnOff : public Bus {
  public:
    BusOnOff(BusConfig &bc);
+    ~BusOnOff() { cleanup(); }

    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
-
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
-
+    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
    void show();
-
-    uint8_t getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-
-    void cleanup() {
-      pinManager.deallocatePin(_pin, PinOwner::BusOnOff);
-    }
-
-    ~BusOnOff() {
-      cleanup();
-    }
+    void cleanup() { pinManager.deallocatePin(_pin, PinOwner::BusOnOff); }

  private:
-    uint8_t _pin = 255;
-    uint8_t _data = 0;
+    uint8_t _pin;
+    uint8_t _onoffdata;
 };


 class BusNetwork : public Bus {
  public:
    BusNetwork(BusConfig &bc);
+    ~BusNetwork() { cleanup(); }

-    bool hasRGB() { return true; }
+    bool hasRGB()   { return true; }
    bool hasWhite() { return _rgbw; }
-
+    bool canShow()  { return !_broadcastLock; } // this should be a return value from UDP routine if it is still sending data out
    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
-
    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
-
+    uint8_t  getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
    void show();
-
-    bool canShow() {
-      // this should be a return value from UDP routine if it is still sending data out
-      return !_broadcastLock;
-    }
-
-    uint8_t getPins(uint8_t* pinArray);
-
-    uint16_t getLength() {
-      return _len;
-    }
-
    void cleanup();

-    ~BusNetwork() {
-      cleanup();
-    }
-
  private:
    IPAddress _client;
    uint8_t   _UDPtype;
    uint8_t   _UDPchannels;
    bool      _rgbw;
    bool      _broadcastLock;
-    byte     *_data;
 };


 class BusManager {
  public:
-    BusManager() {};
+    BusManager() : numBusses(0) {};

    //utility to get the approx. memory usage of a given BusConfig
    static uint32_t memUsage(BusConfig &bc);
@@ -354,40 +314,24 @@ class BusManager {
    void removeAll();

    void show();
-
-    void setStatusPixel(uint32_t c);
-
-    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
-
-    void setColorsFromBuffer(uint32_t* buf);
-
-    void setBrightness(uint8_t b);
-
-    void setSegmentCCT(int16_t cct, bool allowWBCorrection = false);
-
-    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);
-
    bool canAllShow();
+    void setStatusPixel(uint32_t c);
+    void setPixelColor(uint16_t pix, uint32_t c);
+    void setBrightness(uint8_t b);
+    void setSegmentCCT(int16_t cct, bool allowWBCorrection = false);
+    uint32_t getPixelColor(uint16_t pix);

    Bus* getBus(uint8_t busNr);

    //semi-duplicate of strip.getLengthTotal() (though that just returns strip._length, calculated in finalizeInit())
    uint16_t getTotalLength();
+    inline uint8_t getNumBusses() const { return numBusses; }

-    inline void updateColorOrderMap(const ColorOrderMap &com) {
-      memcpy(&colorOrderMap, &com, sizeof(ColorOrderMap));
-    }
-
-    inline const ColorOrderMap& getColorOrderMap() const {
-      return colorOrderMap;
-    }
-
-    inline uint8_t getNumBusses() {
-      return numBusses;
-    }
+    inline void                 updateColorOrderMap(const ColorOrderMap &com) { memcpy(&colorOrderMap, &com, sizeof(ColorOrderMap)); }
+    inline const ColorOrderMap& getColorOrderMap() const { return colorOrderMap; }

  private:
-    uint8_t numBusses = 0;
+    uint8_t numBusses;
    Bus* busses[WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES];
    ColorOrderMap colorOrderMap;

@@ -397,4 +341,4 @@ class BusManager {
      return j;
    }
 };
-#endif
+#endif
--- a/wled00/bus_wrapper.h
+++ b/wled00/bus_wrapper.h
@@ -280,6 +280,7 @@ class PolyBus {
    #endif
    if (clock_kHz) dotStar_strip->SetMethodSettings(NeoSpiSettings((uint32_t)clock_kHz*1000));
  }
+
  // Begin & initialize the PixelSettings for TM1814 strips.
  template <class T>
  static void beginTM1814(void* busPtr) {
@@ -288,6 +289,7 @@ class PolyBus {
    // Max current for each LED (22.5 mA).
    tm1814_strip->SetPixelSettings(NeoTm1814Settings(/*R*/225, /*G*/225, /*B*/225, /*W*/225));
  }
+
  static void begin(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint8_t* pins, uint16_t clock_kHz = 0U) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: break;
@@ -390,7 +392,8 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Begin(); break;
      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Begin(); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
+
  static void* create(uint8_t busType, uint8_t* pins, uint16_t len, uint8_t channel, uint16_t clock_kHz = 0U) {
    void* busPtr = nullptr;
    switch (busType) {
@@ -491,104 +494,106 @@ class PolyBus {
    }
    begin(busPtr, busType, pins, clock_kHz);
    return busPtr;
-  };
-  static void show(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType) {
+  }
+
+  static void show(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, bool consistent = true) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: break;
    #ifdef ESP8266
-      case I_8266_U0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_U1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_DM_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_8266_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_TM2_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_U1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_U1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_DM_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_DM_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_8266_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_8266_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
    #endif
    #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-      case I_32_RN_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_RN_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_NEO_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_RN_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_RN_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_NEO_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_RN_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_RN_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_RN_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_400_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_400_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_RN_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_RN_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_I0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_I0_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_I1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_TM1_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM1_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_I1_TM2_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_TM2_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-      case I_32_RN_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_RN_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_32_RN_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_UCS_3: (static_cast<B_32_BB_NEO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_32_RN_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_RN_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S0_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I0_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I0_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
      #ifndef WLED_NO_I2S1_PIXELBUS
-      case I_32_I1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_32_I1_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_I1_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
      #endif
-//      case I_32_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+//      case I_32_BB_UCS_4: (static_cast<B_32_BB_UCS_4*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
    #endif
-      case I_HS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_SS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_HS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_SS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_HS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_SS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_HS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
-      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(); break;
+      case I_HS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_HS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_SS_DOT_3: (static_cast<B_SS_DOT_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_HS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_SS_LPD_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPD_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_HS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_HS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_SS_LPO_3: (static_cast<B_SS_LPO_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_HS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_HS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_SS_WS1_3: (static_cast<B_SS_WS1_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
+      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->Show(consistent); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
+
  static bool canShow(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: return true;
@@ -685,7 +690,8 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_SS_P98_3: return (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->CanShow(); break;
    }
    return true;
-  };
+  }
+
  static void setPixelColor(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint16_t pix, uint32_t c, uint8_t co) {
    uint8_t r = c >> 16;
    uint8_t g = c >> 8;
@@ -805,7 +811,8 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetPixelColor(pix, RgbColor(col)); break;
      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetPixelColor(pix, RgbColor(col)); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
+
  static void setBrightness(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint8_t b) {
    switch (busType) {
      case I_NONE: break;
@@ -902,7 +909,8 @@ class PolyBus {
      case I_HS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_HS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
      case I_SS_P98_3: (static_cast<B_SS_P98_3*>(busPtr))->SetLuminance(b); break;
    }
-  };
+  }
+
  static uint32_t getPixelColor(void* busPtr, uint8_t busType, uint16_t pix, uint8_t co) {
    RgbwColor col(0,0,0,0);
    switch (busType) {
--- a/wled00/button.cpp
+++ b/wled00/button.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ void shortPressAction(uint8_t b)
      case 1: ++effectCurrent %= strip.getModeCount(); stateChanged = true; colorUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON); break;
    }
  } else {
+    unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist
    applyPreset(macroButton[b], CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET);
  }

@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ void longPressAction(uint8_t b)
      case 1: bri += 8; stateUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON); buttonPressedTime[b] = millis(); break; // repeatable action
    }
  } else {
+    unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist
    applyPreset(macroLongPress[b], CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET);
  }

@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@ void doublePressAction(uint8_t b)
      case 1: ++effectPalette %= strip.getPaletteCount(); colorUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON); break;
    }
  } else {
+    unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist
    applyPreset(macroDoublePress[b], CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET);
  }

@@ -153,6 +156,7 @@ void handleAnalog(uint8_t b)
  #ifdef ESP8266
  rawReading = analogRead(A0) << 2;   // convert 10bit read to 12bit
  #else
+  if ((btnPin[b] < 0) || (digitalPinToAnalogChannel(btnPin[b]) < 0)) return; // pin must support analog ADC - newer esp32 frameworks throw lots of warnings otherwise
  rawReading = analogRead(btnPin[b]); // collect at full 12bit resolution
  #endif
  yield();                            // keep WiFi task running - analog read may take several millis on ESP8266
@@ -185,7 +189,7 @@ void handleAnalog(uint8_t b)
      if (aRead == 0) {
        briLast = bri;
        bri = 0;
-      } else{
+      } else {
        bri = aRead;
      }
    } else if (macroDoublePress[b] == 249) {
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@ void handleButton()
          shortPressAction(b);
        buttonPressedBefore[b] = true;
        buttonPressedTime[b] = now; // continually update (for debouncing to work in release handler)
-        return;
+        continue;
      }

      if (!buttonPressedBefore[b]) buttonPressedTime[b] = now;
@@ -283,7 +287,7 @@ void handleButton()
      // released after rising-edge short press action
      if (macroButton[b] && macroButton[b] == macroLongPress[b] && macroButton[b] == macroDoublePress[b]) {
        if (dur > WLED_DEBOUNCE_THRESHOLD) buttonPressedBefore[b] = false; // debounce, blocks button for 50 ms once it has been released
-        return;
+        continue;
      }

      if (dur < WLED_DEBOUNCE_THRESHOLD) {buttonPressedBefore[b] = false; continue;} // too short "press", debounce
--- a/wled00/cfg.cpp
+++ b/wled00/cfg.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
  CJSON(strip.cctBlending, hw_led[F("cb")]);
  Bus::setCCTBlend(strip.cctBlending);
  strip.setTargetFps(hw_led["fps"]); //NOP if 0, default 42 FPS
-  CJSON(strip.useGlobalLedBuffer, hw_led[F("ld")]);
+  CJSON(useGlobalLedBuffer, hw_led[F("ld")]);

  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  // 2D Matrix Settings
@@ -161,16 +161,16 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
      ledType |= refresh << 7; // hack bit 7 to indicate strip requires off refresh
      uint8_t AWmode = elm[F("rgbwm")] | autoWhiteMode;
      if (fromFS) {
-        BusConfig bc = BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode, freqkHz);
+        BusConfig bc = BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode, freqkHz, useGlobalLedBuffer);
        mem += BusManager::memUsage(bc);
-        if (strip.useGlobalLedBuffer && start + length > maxlen) {
+        if (useGlobalLedBuffer && start + length > maxlen) {
          maxlen = start + length;
          globalBufMem = maxlen * 4;
        }
        if (mem + globalBufMem <= MAX_LED_MEMORY) if (busses.add(bc) == -1) break;  // finalization will be done in WLED::beginStrip()
      } else {
        if (busConfigs[s] != nullptr) delete busConfigs[s];
-        busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode);
+        busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(ledType, pins, start, length, colorOrder, reversed, skipFirst, AWmode, freqkHz, useGlobalLedBuffer);
        busesChanged = true;
      }
      s++;
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
    doInitBusses = busesChanged;
    // finalization done in beginStrip()
  }
-  if (hw_led["rev"]) busses.getBus(0)->reversed = true; //set 0.11 global reversed setting for first bus
+  if (hw_led["rev"]) busses.getBus(0)->setReversed(true); //set 0.11 global reversed setting for first bus

  // read color order map configuration
  JsonArray hw_com = hw[F("com")];
@@ -202,6 +202,9 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
  disablePullUp = !pull;
  JsonArray hw_btn_ins = btn_obj[F("ins")];
  if (!hw_btn_ins.isNull()) {
+    for (uint8_t b = 0; b < WLED_MAX_BUTTONS; b++) { // deallocate existing button pins
+      pinManager.deallocatePin(btnPin[b], PinOwner::Button); // does nothing if trying to deallocate a pin with PinOwner != Button
+    }
    uint8_t s = 0;
    for (JsonObject btn : hw_btn_ins) {
      CJSON(buttonType[s], btn["type"]);
@@ -269,6 +272,7 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {

  int hw_ir_pin = hw["ir"]["pin"] | -2; // 4
  if (hw_ir_pin > -2) {
+    pinManager.deallocatePin(irPin, PinOwner::IR);
    if (pinManager.allocatePin(hw_ir_pin, false, PinOwner::IR)) {
      irPin = hw_ir_pin;
    } else {
@@ -281,6 +285,7 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
  JsonObject relay = hw[F("relay")];
  int hw_relay_pin = relay["pin"] | -2;
  if (hw_relay_pin > -2) {
+    pinManager.deallocatePin(rlyPin, PinOwner::Relay);
    if (pinManager.allocatePin(hw_relay_pin,true, PinOwner::Relay)) {
      rlyPin = hw_relay_pin;
      pinMode(rlyPin, OUTPUT);
@@ -437,14 +442,14 @@ bool deserializeConfig(JsonObject doc, bool fromFS) {
 #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_MQTT
  JsonObject if_mqtt = interfaces["mqtt"];
  CJSON(mqttEnabled, if_mqtt["en"]);
-  getStringFromJson(mqttServer, if_mqtt[F("broker")], 33);
+  getStringFromJson(mqttServer, if_mqtt[F("broker")], MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN+1);
  CJSON(mqttPort, if_mqtt["port"]); // 1883
  getStringFromJson(mqttUser, if_mqtt[F("user")], 41);
  getStringFromJson(mqttPass, if_mqtt["psk"], 65); //normally not present due to security
  getStringFromJson(mqttClientID, if_mqtt[F("cid")], 41);

-  getStringFromJson(mqttDeviceTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("device")], 33); // "wled/test"
-  getStringFromJson(mqttGroupTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("group")], 33); // ""
+  getStringFromJson(mqttDeviceTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("device")], MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1); // "wled/test"
+  getStringFromJson(mqttGroupTopic, if_mqtt[F("topics")][F("group")], MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1); // ""
  CJSON(retainMqttMsg, if_mqtt[F("rtn")]);
 #endif

@@ -711,7 +716,7 @@ void serializeConfig() {
  hw_led[F("cb")] = strip.cctBlending;
  hw_led["fps"] = strip.getTargetFps();
  hw_led[F("rgbwm")] = Bus::getGlobalAWMode(); // global auto white mode override
-  hw_led[F("ld")] = strip.useGlobalLedBuffer;
+  hw_led[F("ld")] = useGlobalLedBuffer;

  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  // 2D Matrix Settings
@@ -746,7 +751,7 @@ void serializeConfig() {
    uint8_t nPins = bus->getPins(pins);
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < nPins; i++) ins_pin.add(pins[i]);
    ins[F("order")] = bus->getColorOrder();
-    ins["rev"] = bus->reversed;
+    ins["rev"] = bus->isReversed();
    ins[F("skip")] = bus->skippedLeds();
    ins["type"] = bus->getType() & 0x7F;
    ins["ref"] = bus->isOffRefreshRequired();
--- a/wled00/const.h
+++ b/wled00/const.h
@@ -91,6 +91,21 @@
  #endif
 #endif

+#ifndef WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN
+  #ifdef ESP8266
+    #define WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN 32
+  #else
+    #define WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN 64
+  #endif
+#else
+  #if WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN<32
+    #undef WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN
+    #define WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN 32
+  #else
+    #warning WLED UI does not support modified maximum segment name length!
+  #endif
+#endif
+
 //Usermod IDs
 #define USERMOD_ID_RESERVED               0     //Unused. Might indicate no usermod present
 #define USERMOD_ID_UNSPECIFIED            1     //Default value for a general user mod that does not specify a custom ID
@@ -132,7 +147,9 @@
 #define USERMOD_ID_SD_CARD               37     //Usermod "usermod_sd_card.h"
 #define USERMOD_ID_PWM_OUTPUTS           38     //Usermod "usermod_pwm_outputs.h
 #define USERMOD_ID_SHT                   39     //Usermod "usermod_sht.h
-#define USERMOD_ID_KLIPPER               40     // Usermod Klipper percentage
+#define USERMOD_ID_KLIPPER               40     //Usermod Klipper percentage
+#define USERMOD_ID_WIREGUARD             41     //Usermod "wireguard.h"
+#define USERMOD_ID_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE  42     //Usermod "usermod_internal_temperature.h"

 //Access point behavior
 #define AP_BEHAVIOR_BOOT_NO_CONN          0     //Open AP when no connection after boot
@@ -388,7 +405,7 @@
 #ifdef ESP8266
 #define SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE 2048
 #else
-#define SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE 3096
+#define SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE 3608  // warning: quite a large value for stack
 #endif

 #ifdef WLED_USE_ETHERNET
--- a/wled00/data/404.htm
+++ b/wled00/data/404.htm
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@
 		<img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACAAAAAgCAMAAABEpIrGAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAbUExURQAAAAB81gCU/zKq/////9bW1oCAgGhoaAAAAGPLX8AAAAAJdFJOU///////////AFNPeBIAAAAJcEhZcwAADsAAAA7AAWrWiQkAAACdSURBVDhPxc9bDoUgEANQebP/FUuHMjBGY/B+3EYR7RH0qC/ZBc6HwCljgHO+xZIVSI2sYgHaG7EBWh8jWoxTrCBFdDJ+BD4lbIHxAcz8APAVLTsrZE4eQD5qzt3cAFTYokC4YCN9Gybgu4yAQtBFLQXHuHABA7JMeOEC/E0W5uy9gv4vo5QHK2i7yq2C8UABM4HmL+CSTXCTF1DrCX6+Gp9zB5dsAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC">
 		<h1>404 Not Found</h1>
 		<b>Akemi does not know where you are headed...</b><br><br>
-		<button onclick="window.location.href='../sliders'">Back to controls</button>
+		<button onclick="window.location.href='../?sliders'">Back to controls</button>
 	</body>
 </html>
--- a/wled00/data/index.css
+++ b/wled00/data/index.css
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ button {

 .off {
 	color: var(--c-6) !important;
-	cursor: default !important;
+	/* cursor: default !important; */
 }

 .top .icons, .bot .icons {
@@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ textarea {
 	width: 50px !important;
 }

-.segname, .pname {
+.segname, .pname, .bname {
 	white-space: nowrap;
 	text-align: center;
 	overflow: hidden;
@@ -1020,6 +1020,9 @@ textarea {
 	max-width: 170px;
 	position: relative;
 }
+.bname {
+	padding: 0 24px;
+}

 .segname .flr, .pname .flr {
 	transform: rotate(0deg);
--- a/wled00/data/index.htm
+++ b/wled00/data/index.htm
@@ -379,8 +379,8 @@
 	</div>	
 </div>

-<div id="mliveview2D" class="modal">
-	<div id="kliveview2D" style="width:100%; height:100%">Loading...</div><br>
+<div id="mlv2D" class="modal">
+	<div id="klv2D" style="width:100%; height:100%">Loading...</div>
 </div>

 <div id="rover" class="modal">
--- a/wled00/data/index.js
+++ b/wled00/data/index.js
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ var pN = "", pI = 0, pNum = 0;
 var pmt = 1, pmtLS = 0, pmtLast = 0;
 var lastinfo = {};
 var isM = false, mw = 0, mh=0;
-var ws, cpick, ranges;
+var ws, cpick, ranges, wsRpt=0;
 var cfg = {
 	theme:{base:"dark", bg:{url:""}, alpha:{bg:0.6,tab:0.8}, color:{bg:""}},
 	comp :{colors:{picker: true, rgb: false, quick: true, hex: false},
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ function onLoad()
 		// detect reverse proxy and/or HTTPS
 		let pathn = l.pathname;
 		let paths = pathn.slice(1,pathn.endsWith('/')?-1:undefined).split("/");
-		if (paths[0]==="sliders") paths.shift();
+		//if (paths[0]==="sliders") paths.shift();
 		//while (paths[0]==="") paths.shift();
 		locproto = l.protocol;
 		locip = l.hostname + (l.port ? ":" + l.port : "");
@@ -683,6 +683,7 @@ ${i.opt&0x100?inforow("Debug","<button class=\"btn btn-xs\" onclick=\"requestJso
 ${inforow("Build",i.vid)}
 ${inforow("Signal strength",i.wifi.signal +"% ("+ i.wifi.rssi, " dBm)")}
 ${inforow("Uptime",getRuntimeStr(i.uptime))}
+${inforow("Time",i.time)}
 ${inforow("Free heap",heap," kB")}
 ${i.psram?inforow("Free PSRAM",(i.psram/1024).toFixed(1)," kB"):""}
 ${inforow("Estimated current",pwru)}
@@ -773,7 +774,7 @@ function populateSegments(s)
 				`<i class="icons e-icon flr" id="sege${i}" onclick="expand(${i})">&#xe395;</i>`+
 				(cfg.comp.segpwr ? segp : '') +
 				`<div class="segin" id="seg${i}in">`+
-					`<input type="text" class="ptxt" id="seg${i}t" autocomplete="off" maxlength=32 value="${inst.n?inst.n:""}" placeholder="Enter name..."/>`+
+					`<input type="text" class="ptxt" id="seg${i}t" autocomplete="off" maxlength=${li.arch=="esp8266"?32:64} value="${inst.n?inst.n:""}" placeholder="Enter name..."/>`+
 					`<table class="infot segt">`+
 					`<tr>`+
 						`<td>${isMSeg?'Start X':'Start LED'}</td>`+
@@ -826,6 +827,7 @@ function populateSegments(s)
 	resetUtil(noNewSegs);
 	if (gId('selall')) gId('selall').checked = true;
 	for (var i = 0; i <= lSeg; i++) {
+		if (!gId(`seg${i}`)) continue;
 		updateLen(i);
 		updateTrail(gId(`seg${i}bri`));
 		gId(`segr${i}`).classList.add("hide");
@@ -1004,10 +1006,15 @@ function generateListItemHtml(listName, id, name, clickAction, extraHtml = '', e
 function btype(b)
 {
 	switch (b) {
+		case 2:
 		case 32: return "ESP32";
+		case 3:
 		case 33: return "ESP32-S2";
+		case 4:
 		case 34: return "ESP32-S3";
+		case 5:
 		case 35: return "ESP32-C3";
+		case 1:
 		case 82: return "ESP8266";
 	}
 	return "?";
@@ -1028,8 +1035,9 @@ function populateNodes(i,n)
 		n.nodes.sort((a,b) => (a.name).localeCompare(b.name));
 		for (var o of n.nodes) {
 			if (o.name) {
-				var url = `<button class="btn" title="${o.ip}" onclick="location.assign('http://${o.ip}');">${bname(o)}</button>`;
-				urows += inforow(url,`${btype(o.type)}<br><i>${o.vid==0?"N/A":o.vid}</i>`);
+				let onoff = `<i class="icons e-icon flr ${o.type&0x80?'':'off'}" onclick="rmtTgl('${o.ip}',this);"">&#xe08f;</i>`;
+				var url = `<button class="btn" title="${o.ip}" onclick="location.assign('http://${o.ip}');"><div class="bname">${bname(o)}</div>${o.vid<2307130?'':onoff}</button>`;
+				urows += inforow(url,`${btype(o.type&0x7F)}<br><i>${o.vid==0?"N/A":o.vid}</i>`);
 				nnodes++;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1331,11 +1339,12 @@ function makeWS() {
 	};
 	ws.onclose = (e)=>{
 		gId('connind').style.backgroundColor = "var(--c-r)";
-		setTimeout(makeWS,1500); // retry WS connection
+		if (wsRpt++ < 5) setTimeout(makeWS,1500); // retry WS connection
 		ws = null;
 	}
 	ws.onopen = (e)=>{
 		//ws.send("{'v':true}"); // unnecessary (https://github.com/Aircoookie/WLED/blob/master/wled00/ws.cpp#L18)
+		wsRpt = 0;
 		reqsLegal = true;
 	}
 }
@@ -1637,6 +1646,7 @@ function requestJson(command=null)
 		//load presets and open websocket sequentially
 		if (!pJson || isEmpty(pJson)) setTimeout(()=>{
 			loadPresets(()=>{
+				wsRpt = 0;
 				if (!(ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN)) makeWS();
 			});
 		},25);
@@ -1684,27 +1694,22 @@ function toggleSync()

 function toggleLiveview()
 {
-	//WLEDSR adding liveview2D support
 	if (isInfo && isM) toggleInfo();
 	if (isNodes && isM) toggleNodes();
 	isLv = !isLv;
+	let wsOn = ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN;

 	var lvID = "liveview";
-	if (isM) {   
-		lvID = "liveview2D"
-		if (isLv) {
-		var cn = '<iframe id="liveview2D" src="about:blank"></iframe>';
-		d.getElementById('kliveview2D').innerHTML = cn;
-		}
-
-		gId('mliveview2D').style.transform = (isLv) ? "translateY(0px)":"translateY(100%)";
+	if (isM && wsOn) {   
+		lvID += "2D";
+		if (isLv) gId('klv2D').innerHTML = `<iframe id="${lvID}" src="about:blank"></iframe>`;
+		gId('mlv2D').style.transform = (isLv) ? "translateY(0px)":"translateY(100%)";
 	}

 	gId(lvID).style.display = (isLv) ? "block":"none";
-	var url = getURL("/" + lvID);
-	gId(lvID).src = (isLv) ? url:"about:blank";
-	gId('buttonSr').className = (isLv) ? "active":"";
-	if (!isLv && ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) ws.send('{"lv":false}');
+	gId(lvID).src = (isLv) ? getURL("/" + lvID + ((wsOn) ? "?ws":"")):"about:blank";
+	gId('buttonSr').classList.toggle("active");
+	if (!isLv && wsOn) ws.send('{"lv":false}');
 	size();
 }

@@ -2048,14 +2053,14 @@ function tglSegn(s)
 function selSegAll(o)
 {
 	var obj = {"seg":[]};
-	for (let i=0; i<=lSeg; i++) obj.seg.push({"id":i,"sel":o.checked});
+	for (let i=0; i<=lSeg; i++) if (gId(`seg${i}`)) obj.seg.push({"id":i,"sel":o.checked});
 	requestJson(obj);
 }

 function selSegEx(s)
 {
 	var obj = {"seg":[]};
-	for (let i=0; i<=lSeg; i++) obj.seg.push({"id":i,"sel":(i==s)});
+	for (let i=0; i<=lSeg; i++) if (gId(`seg${i}`)) obj.seg.push({"id":i,"sel":(i==s)});
 	obj.mainseg = s;
 	requestJson(obj);
 }
@@ -2073,7 +2078,7 @@ function selGrp(g)
 	event.stopPropagation();
 	var sel = gId(`segcont`).querySelectorAll(`div[data-set="${g}"]`);
 	var obj = {"seg":[]};
-	for (let i=0; i<=lSeg; i++) obj.seg.push({"id":i,"sel":false});
+	for (let i=0; i<=lSeg; i++) if (gId(`seg${i}`)) obj.seg.push({"id":i,"sel":false});
 	if (sel) for (let s of sel||[]) {
 		let i = parseInt(s.id.substring(3));
 		obj.seg[i] = {"id":i,"sel":true};
@@ -2574,6 +2579,24 @@ function setBalance(b)
 	requestJson(obj);
 }

+function rmtTgl(ip,i) {
+	event.preventDefault();
+	event.stopPropagation();
+	fetch(`http://${ip}/win&T=2`, {method: 'get'})
+	.then((r)=>{
+		return r.text();
+	})
+	.then((t)=>{
+		let c = (new window.DOMParser()).parseFromString(t, "text/xml");
+		// perhaps just i.classList.toggle("off"); would be enough
+		if (c.getElementsByTagName('ac')[0].textContent === "0") {
+			i.classList.add("off");
+		} else {
+			i.classList.remove("off");
+		}
+	});
+}
+
 var hc = 0;
 setInterval(()=>{
 	if (!isInfo) return;
--- a/wled00/data/liveview.htm
+++ b/wled00/data/liveview.htm
@@ -17,14 +17,10 @@
    position: absolute;
  }
  </style>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <div id="canv" />
  <script>
-    update();
-    
+    var ws;
    var tmout = null;
-    function update()
+    function update() // via HTTP (/json/live)
    {
      if (document.hidden) {
        clearTimeout(tmout);
@@ -57,8 +53,57 @@
        clearTimeout(tmout);
        tmout = setTimeout(update, 2500);
      })
+    }
+    function S() { // Startup function (onload)
+      let wsOn = (window.location.href.indexOf("?ws") > 0);
+      if (!wsOn) {update(); return;}

+      // Initialize WebSocket connection
+      try {
+        ws = top.window.ws;
+      } catch (e) {}
+      if (ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
+        //console.info("Peek uses top WS");
+        ws.send("{'lv':true}");
+      } else {
+        //console.info("Peek WS opening");
+        let l = window.location;
+        let pathn = l.pathname;
+        let paths = pathn.slice(1,pathn.endsWith('/')?-1:undefined).split("/");
+        let url = l.origin.replace("http","ws");
+        if (paths.length > 1) {
+          url +=  "/" + paths[0];
+        }
+        ws = new WebSocket(url+"/ws");
+        ws.onopen = function () {
+          //console.info("Peek WS open");
+          ws.send("{'lv':true}");
+        }
+      }
+      ws.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
+      ws.addEventListener('message', (e) => {
+        try {
+          if (toString.call(e.data) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
+            let leds = new Uint8Array(event.data);
+            if (leds[0] != 76) return; //'L'
+            let str = "linear-gradient(90deg,";
+            let len = leds.length;
+            let start = leds[1]==2 ? 4 : 2; // 1 = 1D, 2 = 1D/2D (leds[2]=w, leds[3]=h)
+            for (i = start; i < len; i+=3) {
+              str += `rgb(${leds[i]},${leds[i+1]},${leds[i+2]})`;
+              if (i < len -3) str += ","
+            }
+            str += ")";
+            document.getElementById("canv").style.background = str;
+          }
+        } catch (err) {
+          console.error("Peek WS error:",err);
+        } 
+      });
    }
  </script>
+</head>
+<body onload="S()">
+  <div id="canv"></div>
 </body>
 </html>
--- a/wled00/data/liveviewws.htm
+++ b/wled00/data/liveviewws.htm
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html>
-<html>
-<head>
-  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1">
-  <meta charset="utf-8">
-  <meta name="theme-color" content="#222222">
-  <title>WLED Live Preview</title>
-  <style>
-  body {
-    margin: 0;
-  }
-  #canv {
-    background: black;
-    filter: brightness(175%);
-    width: 100%;
-    height: 100%;
-    position: absolute;
-  }
-  </style>
-</head>
-<body>
-  <div id="canv"></div>
-  <script>
-    var ws;
-    try {
-      ws = top.window.ws;
-    } catch (e) {}
-    if (ws && ws.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN) {
-      //console.info("Peek uses top WS");
-      ws.send("{'lv':true}");
-    } else {
-      //console.info("Peek WS opening");
-      let l = window.location;
-      let pathn = l.pathname;
-      let paths = pathn.slice(1,pathn.endsWith('/')?-1:undefined).split("/");
-      let url = l.origin.replace("http","ws");
-      if (paths.length > 1) {
-        url +=  "/" + paths[0];
-      }
-      ws = new WebSocket(url+"/ws");
-      ws.onopen = function () {
-        //console.info("Peek WS open");
-        ws.send("{'lv':true}");
-      }
-    }
-    ws.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
-    ws.addEventListener('message', (e) => {
-      try {
-        if (toString.call(e.data) === '[object ArrayBuffer]') {
-          let leds = new Uint8Array(event.data);
-          if (leds[0] != 76) return; //'L'
-          let str = "linear-gradient(90deg,";
-          let len = leds.length;
-          let start = leds[1]==2 ? 4 : 2; // 1 = 1D, 2 = 1D/2D (leds[2]=w, leds[3]=h)
-          for (i = start; i < len; i+=3) {
-            str += `rgb(${leds[i]},${leds[i+1]},${leds[i+2]})`;
-            if (i < len -3) str += ","
-          }
-          str += ")";
-          document.getElementById("canv").style.background = str;
-        }
-      } catch (err) {
-        console.error("Peek WS error:",err);
-      } 
-    });
-  </script>
-</body>
-</html>
--- a/wled00/data/simple.js
+++ b/wled00/data/simple.js
@@ -523,6 +523,7 @@ ${urows}
 ${inforow("Build",i.vid)}
 ${inforow("Signal strength",i.wifi.signal +"% ("+ i.wifi.rssi, " dBm)")}
 ${inforow("Uptime",getRuntimeStr(i.uptime))}
+${inforow("Time",i.time)}
 ${inforow("Free heap",heap," kB")}
 ${i.psram?inforow("Free PSRAM",(i.psram/1024).toFixed(1)," kB"):""}
 ${inforow("Estimated current",pwru)}
--- a/wled00/data/welcome.htm
+++ b/wled00/data/welcome.htm
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 			Connect the module to your local WiFi here!<br>
 			<button onclick="window.location.href='./settings/wifi'">WiFi settings</button><br>
 			<i>Just trying this out in AP mode?</i><br>
-			<button onclick="window.location.href='./sliders'">To the controls!</button><br>
+			<button onclick="window.location.href='./?sliders'">To the controls!</button><br>
 		</div>
 	</body>
 </html>
--- a/wled00/fcn_declare.h
+++ b/wled00/fcn_declare.h
@@ -104,10 +104,20 @@ void sendHuePoll();
 void onHueData(void* arg, AsyncClient* client, void *data, size_t len);

 //improv.cpp
+enum ImprovRPCType {
+  Command_Wifi = 0x01,
+  Request_State = 0x02,
+  Request_Info = 0x03,
+  Request_Scan = 0x04
+};
+
 void handleImprovPacket();
+void sendImprovRPCResult(ImprovRPCType type, uint8_t n_strings = 0, const char **strings = nullptr);
 void sendImprovStateResponse(uint8_t state, bool error = false);
 void sendImprovInfoResponse();
-void sendImprovRPCResponse(byte commandId);
+void startImprovWifiScan();
+void handleImprovWifiScan();
+void sendImprovIPRPCResult(ImprovRPCType type);

 //ir.cpp
 void applyRepeatActions();
--- a/wled00/html_cpal.h
+++ b/wled00/html_cpal.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // Autogenerated from wled00/data/cpal/cpal.htm, do not edit!!
 const uint16_t PAGE_cpal_L = 4721;
 const uint8_t PAGE_cpal[] PROGMEM = {
-  0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x13, 0xbd, 0x3b, 0x7f, 0x73, 0xdb, 0xb6,
+  0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x0a, 0xbd, 0x3b, 0x7f, 0x73, 0xdb, 0xb6,
  0x92, 0xff, 0xe7, 0x53, 0x20, 0x4c, 0x5f, 0x42, 0xd6, 0x14, 0x45, 0xd2, 0xb6, 0x64, 0x4b, 0xa2,
  0x3b, 0xa9, 0x93, 0x77, 0xce, 0x8d, 0xdd, 0x64, 0x5e, 0x7c, 0x6e, 0x7b, 0x3e, 0xbf, 0x31, 0x4d,
  0x42, 0x12, 0x1b, 0x8a, 0xe0, 0x03, 0x21, 0xd9, 0xae, 0xac, 0xef, 0x7e, 0xbb, 0x00, 0x48, 0x91,
--- a/wled00/html_other.h
+++ b/wled00/html_other.h
--- a/wled00/html_pixart.h
+++ b/wled00/html_pixart.h
--- a/wled00/html_settings.h
+++ b/wled00/html_settings.h
--- a/wled00/html_simple.h
+++ b/wled00/html_simple.h
--- a/wled00/html_ui.h
+++ b/wled00/html_ui.h
--- a/wled00/improv.cpp
+++ b/wled00/improv.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@
  #define DIMPROV_PRINTF(x...)
 #endif

+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
+#undef WLED_DISABLE_IMPROV_WIFISCAN
+#define WLED_DISABLE_IMPROV_WIFISCAN
+#endif
+
 #define IMPROV_VERSION 1

 void parseWiFiCommand(char *rpcData);
@@ -28,20 +33,14 @@ enum ImprovPacketByte {
  RPC_CommandType = 9
 };

-enum ImprovRPCType {
-  Command_Wifi = 0x01,
-  Request_State = 0x02,
-  Request_Info = 0x03
-};
-
-//File dbgf;
+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_IMPROV_WIFISCAN
+static bool improvWifiScanRunning = false;
+#endif

 //blocking function to parse an Improv Serial packet
 void handleImprovPacket() {
  uint8_t header[6] = {'I','M','P','R','O','V'};

-  //dbgf = WLED_FS.open("/improv.log","a");
-
  bool timeout = false;
  uint8_t waitTime = 25;
  uint16_t packetByte = 0;
@@ -62,12 +61,11 @@ void handleImprovPacket() {
    byte next = Serial.read();

    DIMPROV_PRINT("Received improv byte: "); DIMPROV_PRINTF("%x\r\n",next);
-    //f.write(next);
+
    switch (packetByte) {
      case ImprovPacketByte::Version: {
        if (next != IMPROV_VERSION) {
          DIMPROV_PRINTLN(F("Invalid version"));
-          //dbgf.close();
          return;
        }
        break;
@@ -75,7 +73,6 @@ void handleImprovPacket() {
      case ImprovPacketByte::PacketType: {
        if (next != ImprovPacketType::RPC_Command) {
          DIMPROV_PRINTF("Non RPC-command improv packet type %i\n",next);
-          //dbgf.close();
          return;
        }
        if (!improvActive) improvActive = 1;
@@ -89,7 +86,6 @@ void handleImprovPacket() {
          if (checksum != next) {
            DIMPROV_PRINTF("Got RPC checksum %i, expected %i",next,checksum);
            sendImprovStateResponse(0x01, true);
-            //dbgf.close();
            return;
          }

@@ -100,22 +96,23 @@ void handleImprovPacket() {
              if (WLED_WIFI_CONFIGURED) improvState = 0x03; //provisioning
              if (Network.isConnected()) improvState = 0x04; //provisioned
              sendImprovStateResponse(improvState, false);
-              if (improvState == 0x04) sendImprovRPCResponse(ImprovRPCType::Request_State);
+              if (improvState == 0x04) sendImprovIPRPCResult(ImprovRPCType::Request_State);
              break;
            }
            case ImprovRPCType::Request_Info: sendImprovInfoResponse(); break;
+            #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_IMPROV_WIFISCAN
+            case ImprovRPCType::Request_Scan: startImprovWifiScan(); break;
+            #endif
            default: {
              DIMPROV_PRINTF("Unknown RPC command %i\n",next);
              sendImprovStateResponse(0x02, true);
            }
          }
-          //dbgf.close();
          return;
        }
        if (packetByte < 6) { //check header
          if (next != header[packetByte]) {
            DIMPROV_PRINTLN(F("Invalid improv header"));
-            //dbgf.close();
            return;
          }
        } else if (packetByte > 9) { //RPC data
@@ -128,7 +125,6 @@ void handleImprovPacket() {
    checksum += next;
    packetByte++;
  }
-  //dbgf.close();
 }

 void sendImprovStateResponse(uint8_t state, bool error) {
@@ -147,79 +143,116 @@ void sendImprovStateResponse(uint8_t state, bool error) {
  Serial.write('\n');
 }

-void sendImprovRPCResponse(byte commandId) {
+// used by sendImprovIPRPCResult(), sendImprovInfoResponse(), and handleImprovWifiScan()
+void sendImprovRPCResult(ImprovRPCType type, uint8_t n_strings, const char **strings) {
  if (improvError > 0 && improvError < 3) sendImprovStateResponse(0x00, true);
  uint8_t packetLen = 12;
-  char out[64] = {'I','M','P','R','O','V'};
+  char out[256] = {'I','M','P','R','O','V'};
  out[6] = IMPROV_VERSION;
  out[7] = ImprovPacketType::RPC_Response;
-  out[8] = 2; //Length (set below)
-  out[9] = commandId;
-  out[10] = 0; //Data len (set below)
-  out[11] = '\0'; //URL len (set below)
+  //out[8] = 2; //Length (set below)
+  out[9] = type;
+  //out[10] = 0; //Data len (set below)
+  uint16_t pos = 11;

-  if (Network.isConnected())
-  {
-    IPAddress localIP = Network.localIP();
-    uint8_t len = sprintf(out+12, "http://%d.%d.%d.%d", localIP[0], localIP[1], localIP[2], localIP[3]);
-    if (len > 24) return; //sprintf fail?
-    out[11] = len;
-    out[10] = 1 + len;
-    out[8] = 3 + len; //RPC command type + data len + url len + url
-    packetLen = 13 + len;
+  for (uint8_t s = 0; s < n_strings; s++) {
+    size_t len = strlen(strings[s]);
+    if (pos + len > 254) continue; // simple buffer overflow guard
+    out[pos++] = len;
+    strcpy(out + pos, strings[s]);
+    pos += len;
  }

+  packetLen = pos  +1;
+  out[8]    = pos  -9; // Length of packet (excluding first 9 header bytes and final checksum byte)
+  out[10]   = pos -11; // Data len
+
  uint8_t checksum = 0;
  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < packetLen -1; i++) checksum += out[i];
  out[packetLen -1] = checksum;
  Serial.write((uint8_t*)out, packetLen);
  Serial.write('\n');
+  DIMPROV_PRINT("RPC result checksum");
+  DIMPROV_PRINTLN(checksum);
+}
+
+void sendImprovIPRPCResult(ImprovRPCType type) {
+  if (Network.isConnected())
+  {
+    char urlStr[64];
+    IPAddress localIP = Network.localIP();
+    uint8_t len = sprintf(urlStr, "http://%d.%d.%d.%d", localIP[0], localIP[1], localIP[2], localIP[3]);
+    if (len > 24) return; //sprintf fail?
+    const char *str[1] = {urlStr};
+    sendImprovRPCResult(type, 1, str);
+  } else {
+    sendImprovRPCResult(type, 0);
+  }
+
  improvActive = 1; //no longer provisioning
 }

 void sendImprovInfoResponse() {
-  if (improvError > 0 && improvError < 3) sendImprovStateResponse(0x00, true);
-  uint8_t packetLen = 12;
-  char out[128] = {'I','M','P','R','O','V'};
-  out[6] = IMPROV_VERSION;
-  out[7] = ImprovPacketType::RPC_Response;
-  //out[8] = 2; //Length (set below)
-  out[9] = ImprovRPCType::Request_Info;
-  //out[10] = 0; //Data len (set below)
-  out[11] = 4; //Firmware len ("WLED")
-  out[12] = 'W'; out[13] = 'L'; out[14] = 'E'; out[15] = 'D';
-  uint8_t lengthSum = 17;
-  uint8_t vlen = sprintf_P(out+lengthSum,PSTR("0.14.0-b3/%i"),VERSION);
-  out[16] = vlen; lengthSum += vlen;
-  uint8_t hlen = 7;
-  #ifdef ESP8266
-  strcpy(out+lengthSum+1,"esp8266");
-  #else
-  hlen = 5;
-  strcpy(out+lengthSum+1,"esp32");
-  #endif
-  out[lengthSum] = hlen;
-  lengthSum += hlen + 1;
+  const char* bString = 
+    #ifdef ESP8266
+      "esp8266"
+    #elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3
+      "esp32-c3"
+    #elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2
+      "esp32-s2"
+    #elif CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3
+      "esp32-s3";
+    #else // ESP32
+      "esp32";
+    #endif
+    ;
+
  //Use serverDescription if it has been changed from the default "WLED", else mDNS name
  bool useMdnsName = (strcmp(serverDescription, "WLED") == 0 && strlen(cmDNS) > 0);
-  strcpy(out+lengthSum+1,useMdnsName ? cmDNS : serverDescription);
-  uint8_t nlen = strlen(useMdnsName ? cmDNS : serverDescription);
-  out[lengthSum] = nlen;
-  lengthSum += nlen + 1;
+  char vString[20];
+  sprintf_P(vString, PSTR("0.14.0-b5/%i"), VERSION);
+  const char *str[4] = {"WLED", vString, bString, useMdnsName ? cmDNS : serverDescription};

-  packetLen = lengthSum +1;
-  out[8] = lengthSum -9;
-  out[10] = lengthSum -11;
-
-  uint8_t checksum = 0;
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < packetLen -1; i++) checksum += out[i];
-  out[packetLen -1] = checksum;
-  Serial.write((uint8_t*)out, packetLen);
-  Serial.write('\n');
-  DIMPROV_PRINT("Info checksum");
-  DIMPROV_PRINTLN(checksum);
+  sendImprovRPCResult(ImprovRPCType::Request_Info, 4, str);
 }

+#ifndef WLED_DISABLE_IMPROV_WIFISCAN
+void startImprovWifiScan() {
+  if (improvWifiScanRunning) return;
+  WiFi.scanNetworks(true);
+  improvWifiScanRunning = true;
+}
+
+void handleImprovWifiScan() {
+  if (!improvWifiScanRunning) return;
+  int16_t status = WiFi.scanComplete();
+  if (status == WIFI_SCAN_RUNNING) return;
+  // here scan completed or failed (-2)
+  improvWifiScanRunning = false;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < status; i++) {
+    char rssiStr[8];
+    sprintf(rssiStr, "%d", WiFi.RSSI(i));
+    #ifdef ESP8266
+    bool isOpen = WiFi.encryptionType(i) == ENC_TYPE_NONE;
+    #else
+    bool isOpen = WiFi.encryptionType(i) == WIFI_AUTH_OPEN;
+    #endif
+
+    char ssidStr[33];
+    strcpy(ssidStr, WiFi.SSID(i).c_str());
+    const char *str[3] = {ssidStr, rssiStr, isOpen ? "NO":"YES"};
+    sendImprovRPCResult(ImprovRPCType::Request_Scan, 3, str);
+  }
+  sendImprovRPCResult(ImprovRPCType::Request_Scan, 0);
+
+  WiFi.scanDelete();
+}
+#else
+void startImprovWifiScan() {}
+void handleImprovWifiScan() {}
+#endif
+
 void parseWiFiCommand(char* rpcData) {
  uint8_t len = rpcData[0];
  if (!len || len > 126) return;
--- a/wled00/json.cpp
+++ b/wled00/json.cpp
@@ -22,19 +22,22 @@ bool deserializeSegment(JsonObject elem, byte it, byte presetId)

  int stop = elem["stop"] | -1;

-  // if using vectors use this code to append segment
+  // append segment
  if (id >= strip.getSegmentsNum()) {
    if (stop <= 0) return false; // ignore empty/inactive segments
    strip.appendSegment(Segment(0, strip.getLengthTotal()));
    id = strip.getSegmentsNum()-1; // segments are added at the end of list
  }

+  //DEBUG_PRINTLN("-- JSON deserialize segment.");
  Segment& seg = strip.getSegment(id);
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Original segment: %p\n", &seg);
  Segment prev = seg; //make a backup so we can tell if something changed
+  //DEBUG_PRINTF("--  Duplicate segment: %p\n", &prev);

  uint16_t start = elem["start"] | seg.start;
  if (stop < 0) {
-    uint16_t len = elem["len"];
+    int len = elem["len"];
    stop = (len > 0) ? start + len : seg.stop;
  }
  // 2D segments
@@ -70,9 +73,10 @@ bool deserializeSegment(JsonObject elem, byte it, byte presetId)
    const char * name = elem["n"].as<const char*>();
    size_t len = 0;
    if (name != nullptr) len = strlen(name);
-    if (len > 0 && len < 33) {
+    if (len > 0) {
+      if (len > WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN) len = WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN;
      seg.name = new char[len+1];
-      if (seg.name) strlcpy(seg.name, name, 33);
+      if (seg.name) strlcpy(seg.name, name, WLED_MAX_SEGNAME_LEN+1);
    } else {
      // but is empty (already deleted above)
      elem.remove("n");
@@ -109,7 +113,11 @@ bool deserializeSegment(JsonObject elem, byte it, byte presetId)
    of = offsetAbs;
  }
  if (stop > start && of > len -1) of = len -1;
-  seg.setUp(start, stop, grp, spc, of, startY, stopY);
+
+  // update segment (delete if necessary)
+  // do not call seg.setUp() here, as it may cause a crash due to concurrent access if the segment is currently drawing effects
+  // WS2812FX handles queueing of the change
+  strip.setSegment(id, start, stop, grp, spc, of, startY, stopY);

  if (seg.reset && seg.stop == 0) return true; // segment was deleted & is marked for reset, no need to change anything else

@@ -342,7 +350,9 @@ bool deserializeState(JsonObject root, byte callMode, byte presetId)

  JsonObject udpn      = root["udpn"];
  notifyDirect         = udpn["send"] | notifyDirect;
+  syncGroups           = udpn["sgrp"] | syncGroups;
  receiveNotifications = udpn["recv"] | receiveNotifications;
+  receiveGroups        = udpn["rgrp"] | receiveGroups;
  if ((bool)udpn[F("nn")]) callMode = CALL_MODE_NO_NOTIFY; //send no notification just for this request

  unsigned long timein = root["time"] | UINT32_MAX; //backup time source if NTP not synced
@@ -425,7 +435,7 @@ bool deserializeState(JsonObject root, byte callMode, byte presetId)
  // a) already applied preset content (requires "seg" or "win" but will ignore the rest)
  if (!root["pd"].isNull() && stateChanged) {
    currentPreset = root[F("pd")] | currentPreset;
-    if (root["win"].isNull()) presetCycCurr = currentPreset;
+    if (root["win"].isNull()) presetCycCurr = currentPreset; // otherwise it was set in handleSet() [set.cpp]
    presetToRestore = currentPreset; // stateUpdated() will clear the preset, so we need to restore it after
    //unloadPlaylist(); // applying a preset unloads the playlist, may be needed here too?
  } else if (!root["ps"].isNull()) {
@@ -467,10 +477,12 @@ void serializeSegment(JsonObject& root, Segment& seg, byte id, bool forPreset, b
  if (segmentBounds) {
    root["start"] = seg.start;
    root["stop"] = seg.stop;
+    #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
    if (strip.isMatrix) {
      root[F("startY")] = seg.startY;
      root[F("stopY")]  = seg.stopY;
    }
+    #endif
  }
  if (!forPreset) root["len"] = seg.stop - seg.start;
  root["grp"]    = seg.grouping;
@@ -557,6 +569,8 @@ void serializeState(JsonObject root, bool forPreset, bool includeBri, bool segme
    JsonObject udpn = root.createNestedObject("udpn");
    udpn["send"] = notifyDirect;
    udpn["recv"] = receiveNotifications;
+    udpn["sgrp"] = syncGroups;
+    udpn["rgrp"] = receiveGroups;

    root[F("lor")] = realtimeOverride;
  }
@@ -728,6 +742,10 @@ void serializeInfo(JsonObject root)
  #endif
  root[F("uptime")] = millis()/1000 + rolloverMillis*4294967;

+  char time[32];
+  getTimeString(time);
+  root[F("time")] = time;
+
  usermods.addToJsonInfo(root);

  uint16_t os = 0;
@@ -964,9 +982,10 @@ void serializeNodes(JsonObject root)
 // deserializes mode data string into JsonArray
 void serializeModeData(JsonArray fxdata)
 {
-  char lineBuffer[128];
+  char lineBuffer[256];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
-    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), 127);
+    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
+    lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
    if (lineBuffer[0] != 0) {
      char* dataPtr = strchr(lineBuffer,'@');
      if (dataPtr) fxdata.add(dataPtr+1);
@@ -977,10 +996,12 @@ void serializeModeData(JsonArray fxdata)

 // deserializes mode names string into JsonArray
 // also removes effect data extensions (@...) from deserialised names
-void serializeModeNames(JsonArray arr) {
-  char lineBuffer[128];
+void serializeModeNames(JsonArray arr)
+{
+  char lineBuffer[256];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < strip.getModeCount(); i++) {
-    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), 127);
+    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(i), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
+    lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
    if (lineBuffer[0] != 0) {
      char* dataPtr = strchr(lineBuffer,'@');
      if (dataPtr) *dataPtr = 0; // terminate mode data after name
@@ -1059,7 +1080,10 @@ void serveJson(AsyncWebServerRequest* request)

  DEBUG_PRINTF("JSON buffer size: %u for request: %d\n", lDoc.memoryUsage(), subJson);

-  size_t len = response->setLength();
+  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+  size_t len =
+  #endif
+  response->setLength();
  DEBUG_PRINT(F("JSON content length: ")); DEBUG_PRINTLN(len);

  request->send(response);
@@ -1089,9 +1113,13 @@ bool serveLiveLeds(AsyncWebServerRequest* request, uint32_t wsClient)
  for (size_t i= 0; i < used; i += n)
  {
    uint32_t c = strip.getPixelColor(i);
-    uint8_t r = qadd8(W(c), R(c)); //add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
-    uint8_t g = qadd8(W(c), G(c));
-    uint8_t b = qadd8(W(c), B(c));
+    uint8_t r = R(c);
+    uint8_t g = G(c);
+    uint8_t b = B(c);
+    uint8_t w = W(c);
+    r = scale8(qadd8(w, r), strip.getBrightness()); //R, add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
+    g = scale8(qadd8(w, g), strip.getBrightness()); //G
+    b = scale8(qadd8(w, b), strip.getBrightness()); //B
    olen += sprintf(obuf + olen, "\"%06X\",", RGBW32(r,g,b,0));
  }
  olen -= 1;
--- a/wled00/led.cpp
+++ b/wled00/led.cpp
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ void applyValuesToSelectedSegs()

    if (effectSpeed     != selsegPrev.speed)     {seg.speed     = effectSpeed;     stateChanged = true;}
    if (effectIntensity != selsegPrev.intensity) {seg.intensity = effectIntensity; stateChanged = true;}
-    if (effectPalette   != selsegPrev.palette)   {seg.setPalette(effectPalette);   stateChanged = true;}
-    if (effectCurrent   != selsegPrev.mode)      {seg.setMode(effectCurrent);      stateChanged = true;}
+    if (effectPalette   != selsegPrev.palette)   {seg.setPalette(effectPalette);}
+    if (effectCurrent   != selsegPrev.mode)      {seg.setMode(effectCurrent);}
    uint32_t col0 = RGBW32(   col[0],    col[1],    col[2],    col[3]);
    uint32_t col1 = RGBW32(colSec[0], colSec[1], colSec[2], colSec[3]);
-    if (col0 != selsegPrev.colors[0])            {seg.setColor(0, col0);           stateChanged = true;}
-    if (col1 != selsegPrev.colors[1])            {seg.setColor(1, col1);           stateChanged = true;}
+    if (col0 != selsegPrev.colors[0])            {seg.setColor(0, col0);}
+    if (col1 != selsegPrev.colors[1])            {seg.setColor(1, col1);}
  }
 }

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ void stateUpdated(byte callMode) {
    if (stateChanged) currentPreset = 0; //something changed, so we are no longer in the preset

    if (callMode != CALL_MODE_NOTIFICATION && callMode != CALL_MODE_NO_NOTIFY) notify(callMode);
+    if (bri != briOld && nodeBroadcastEnabled) sendSysInfoUDP(); // update on state

    //set flag to update ws and mqtt
    interfaceUpdateCallMode = callMode;
@@ -160,6 +161,8 @@ void stateUpdated(byte callMode) {

 void updateInterfaces(uint8_t callMode)
 {
+  if (!interfaceUpdateCallMode || millis() - lastInterfaceUpdate < INTERFACE_UPDATE_COOLDOWN) return;
+
  sendDataWs();
  lastInterfaceUpdate = millis();
  if (callMode == CALL_MODE_WS_SEND) return;
@@ -178,7 +181,7 @@ void updateInterfaces(uint8_t callMode)
 void handleTransitions()
 {
  //handle still pending interface update
-  if (interfaceUpdateCallMode && millis() - lastInterfaceUpdate > INTERFACE_UPDATE_COOLDOWN) updateInterfaces(interfaceUpdateCallMode);
+  updateInterfaces(interfaceUpdateCallMode);
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
  if (doPublishMqtt) publishMqtt();
 #endif
@@ -186,7 +189,7 @@ void handleTransitions()
  if (transitionActive && transitionDelayTemp > 0)
  {
    float tper = (millis() - transitionStartTime)/(float)transitionDelayTemp;
-    if (tper >= 1.0)
+    if (tper >= 1.0f)
    {
      strip.setTransitionMode(false);
      transitionActive = false;
@@ -194,7 +197,7 @@ void handleTransitions()
      applyFinalBri();
      return;
    }
-    if (tper - tperLast < 0.004) return;
+    if (tper - tperLast < 0.004f) return;
    tperLast = tper;
    briT = briOld + ((bri - briOld) * tper);

@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@ void handleTransitions()


 // legacy method, applies values from col, effectCurrent, ... to selected segments
-void colorUpdated(byte callMode){
+void colorUpdated(byte callMode) {
  applyValuesToSelectedSegs();
  stateUpdated(callMode);
 }
--- a/wled00/lx_parser.cpp
+++ b/wled00/lx_parser.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ bool parseLx(int lxValue, byte* rgbw)
    float tmpBri = floor((lxValue - 200000000) / 10000); ;
    uint16_t ct = (lxValue - 200000000) - (((uint8_t)tmpBri) * 10000);

-    tmpBri *= 2.55;
+    tmpBri *= 2.55f;
    tmpBri = constrain(tmpBri, 0, 255);

    colorKtoRGB(ct, rgbw);
--- a/wled00/playlist.cpp
+++ b/wled00/playlist.cpp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ int16_t loadPlaylist(JsonObject playlistObj, byte presetId) {
  if (playlistEndPreset == 255 && currentPreset > 0) playlistEndPreset = currentPreset;
  if (playlistEndPreset > 250) playlistEndPreset = 0;
  shuffle = shuffle || playlistObj["r"];
-  if (shuffle) playlistOptions += PL_OPTION_SHUFFLE;
+  if (shuffle) playlistOptions |= PL_OPTION_SHUFFLE;

  currentPlaylist = presetId;
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Playlist loaded."));
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void serializePlaylist(JsonObject sObj) {
  JsonArray ps = playlist.createNestedArray("ps");
  JsonArray dur = playlist.createNestedArray("dur");
  JsonArray transition = playlist.createNestedArray(F("transition"));
-  playlist[F("repeat")] = (playlistIndex < 0) ? playlistRepeat - 1 : playlistRepeat; // remove added repetition count (if not yet running)
+  playlist[F("repeat")] = (playlistIndex < 0 && playlistRepeat > 0) ? playlistRepeat - 1 : playlistRepeat; // remove added repetition count (if not yet running)
  playlist["end"] = playlistEndPreset;
  playlist["r"] = playlistOptions & PL_OPTION_SHUFFLE;
  for (int i=0; i<playlistLen; i++) {
--- a/wled00/presets.cpp
+++ b/wled00/presets.cpp
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void handlePresets()
      fdo.remove("ps"); // remove load request for presets to prevent recursive crash (if not called by button and contains preset cycling string "1~5~")
    deserializeState(fdo, CALL_MODE_NO_NOTIFY, tmpPreset); // may change presetToApply by calling applyPreset()
  }
-  if (!errorFlag && tmpPreset < 255 && changePreset) presetCycCurr = currentPreset = tmpPreset;
+  if (!errorFlag && tmpPreset < 255 && changePreset) currentPreset = tmpPreset;

  #if defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32)
  //Aircoookie recommended not to delete buffer
--- a/wled00/remote.cpp
+++ b/wled00/remote.cpp
@@ -39,26 +39,26 @@ typedef struct message_structure {
 } message_structure;

 static int esp_now_state = ESP_NOW_STATE_UNINIT;
-static uint32_t last_seq = -1;
+static uint32_t last_seq = UINT32_MAX;
 static int brightnessBeforeNightMode = NIGHT_MODE_DEACTIVATED;
 static message_structure incoming;

 // Pulled from the IR Remote logic but reduced to 10 steps with a constant of 3
-const byte brightnessSteps[] = {
+static const byte brightnessSteps[] = {
  6, 9, 14, 22, 33, 50, 75, 113, 170, 255
 };
-const size_t numBrightnessSteps = sizeof(brightnessSteps) / sizeof(uint8_t);
+static const size_t numBrightnessSteps = sizeof(brightnessSteps) / sizeof(uint8_t);

-bool nightModeActive() {
+static bool nightModeActive() {
  return brightnessBeforeNightMode != NIGHT_MODE_DEACTIVATED;
 }

-void activateNightMode() {
+static void activateNightMode() {
  brightnessBeforeNightMode = bri;
  bri = NIGHT_MODE_BRIGHTNESS;
 }

-bool resetNightMode() {
+static bool resetNightMode() {
  if (!nightModeActive()) {
    return false;
  }
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ bool resetNightMode() {
 }

 // increment `bri` to the next `brightnessSteps` value
-void brightnessUp() {
+static void brightnessUp() {
  if (nightModeActive()) { return; }
  // dumb incremental search is efficient enough for so few items
  for (uint8_t index = 0; index < numBrightnessSteps; ++index) {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ void brightnessUp() {
 }

 // decrement `bri` to the next `brightnessSteps` value
-void brightnessDown() {
+static void brightnessDown() {
  if (nightModeActive()) { return; }
  // dumb incremental search is efficient enough for so few items
  for (int index = numBrightnessSteps - 1; index >= 0; --index) {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void brightnessDown() {
  }
 }

-void setOn() {
+static void setOn() {
  if (resetNightMode()) {
    stateUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON);
  }
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void setOn() {
  }
 }

-void setOff() {
+static void setOff() {
  if (resetNightMode()) {
    stateUpdated(CALL_MODE_BUTTON);
  }
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ void setOff() {
  }
 }

-void presetWithFallback(uint8_t presetID, uint8_t effectID, uint8_t paletteID) {
+static void presetWithFallback(uint8_t presetID, uint8_t effectID, uint8_t paletteID) {
  applyPresetWithFallback(presetID, CALL_MODE_BUTTON_PRESET, effectID, paletteID);
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ void OnDataRecv(const uint8_t * mac, const uint8_t *incomingData, int len) {

 void handleRemote() {
  if (enable_espnow_remote) {
-    if (esp_now_state == ESP_NOW_STATE_UNINIT) {
+    if ((esp_now_state == ESP_NOW_STATE_UNINIT) && (interfacesInited || apActive)) { // ESPNOW requires Wifi to be initialized (either STA, or AP Mode) 
      DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("Initializing ESP_NOW listener"));
      // Init ESP-NOW
      if (esp_now_init() != 0) {
@@ -197,4 +197,4 @@ void handleRemote() {
  }
 }

-#endif
+#endif
--- a/wled00/set.cpp
+++ b/wled00/set.cpp
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ void handleSettingsSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, byte subPage)
    Bus::setCCTBlend(strip.cctBlending);
    Bus::setGlobalAWMode(request->arg(F("AW")).toInt());
    strip.setTargetFps(request->arg(F("FR")).toInt());
-    strip.useGlobalLedBuffer = request->hasArg(F("LD"));
+    useGlobalLedBuffer = request->hasArg(F("LD"));

    bool busesChanged = false;
    for (uint8_t s = 0; s < WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES; s++) {
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ void handleSettingsSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, byte subPage)
      // actual finalization is done in WLED::loop() (removing old busses and adding new)
      // this may happen even before this loop is finished so we do "doInitBusses" after the loop
      if (busConfigs[s] != nullptr) delete busConfigs[s];
-      busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(type, pins, start, length, colorOrder | (channelSwap<<4), request->hasArg(cv), skip, awmode, freqHz);
+      busConfigs[s] = new BusConfig(type, pins, start, length, colorOrder | (channelSwap<<4), request->hasArg(cv), skip, awmode, freqHz, useGlobalLedBuffer);
      busesChanged = true;
    }
    //doInitBusses = busesChanged; // we will do that below to ensure all input data is processed
@@ -347,14 +347,14 @@ void handleSettingsSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, byte subPage)

    #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_MQTT
    mqttEnabled = request->hasArg(F("MQ"));
-    strlcpy(mqttServer, request->arg(F("MS")).c_str(), 33);
+    strlcpy(mqttServer, request->arg(F("MS")).c_str(), MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN+1);
    t = request->arg(F("MQPORT")).toInt();
    if (t > 0) mqttPort = t;
    strlcpy(mqttUser, request->arg(F("MQUSER")).c_str(), 41);
    if (!isAsterisksOnly(request->arg(F("MQPASS")).c_str(), 41)) strlcpy(mqttPass, request->arg(F("MQPASS")).c_str(), 65);
    strlcpy(mqttClientID, request->arg(F("MQCID")).c_str(), 41);
-    strlcpy(mqttDeviceTopic, request->arg(F("MD")).c_str(), 33);
-    strlcpy(mqttGroupTopic, request->arg(F("MG")).c_str(), 33);
+    strlcpy(mqttDeviceTopic, request->arg(F("MD")).c_str(), MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1);
+    strlcpy(mqttGroupTopic, request->arg(F("MG")).c_str(), MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1);
    buttonPublishMqtt = request->hasArg(F("BM"));
    retainMqttMsg = request->hasArg(F("RT"));
    #endif
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ bool handleSet(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String& req, bool apply)
  if (pos > 0) {
    spcI = getNumVal(&req, pos);
  }
-  selseg.setUp(startI, stopI, grpI, spcI, UINT16_MAX, startY, stopY);
+  strip.setSegment(selectedSeg, startI, stopI, grpI, spcI, UINT16_MAX, startY, stopY);

  pos = req.indexOf(F("RV=")); //Segment reverse
  if (pos > 0) selseg.reverse = req.charAt(pos+3) != '0';
--- a/wled00/udp.cpp
+++ b/wled00/udp.cpp
@@ -669,6 +669,7 @@ void sendSysInfoUDP()
  #else
  data[38] = NODE_TYPE_ID_UNDEFINED;
  #endif
+  if (bri) data[38] |= 0x80U;  // add on/off state
  data[39] = ip[3]; // unit ID == last IP number

  uint32_t build = VERSION;
--- a/wled00/usermods_list.cpp
+++ b/wled00/usermods_list.cpp
@@ -133,6 +133,10 @@
  #include "../usermods/wizlights/wizlights.h"
 #endif

+#ifdef USERMOD_WIREGUARD
+  #include "../usermods/wireguard/wireguard.h"
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USERMOD_WORDCLOCK
  #include "../usermods/usermod_v2_word_clock/usermod_v2_word_clock.h"
 #endif
@@ -173,6 +177,10 @@
  #include "../usermods/boblight/boblight.h"
 #endif

+#ifdef USERMOD_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE
+  #include "../usermods/Internal_Temperature_v2/usermod_internal_temperature.h"
+#endif
+
 #if defined(WLED_USE_SD_MMC) || defined(WLED_USE_SD_SPI)
 // This include of SD.h and SD_MMC.h must happen here, else they won't be
 // resolved correctly (when included in mod's header only)
@@ -306,6 +314,10 @@ void registerUsermods()
  usermods.add(new WizLightsUsermod());
  #endif

+  #ifdef USERMOD_WIREGUARD
+  usermods.add(new WireguardUsermod());
+  #endif
+
  #ifdef USERMOD_WORDCLOCK
  usermods.add(new WordClockUsermod());
  #endif
@@ -357,4 +369,8 @@ void registerUsermods()
  #ifdef USERMOD_SHT
  usermods.add(new ShtUsermod());
  #endif
+
+  #ifdef USERMOD_INTERNAL_TEMPERATURE
+  usermods.add(new InternalTemperatureUsermod());
+  #endif
 }
--- a/wled00/util.cpp
+++ b/wled00/util.cpp
@@ -148,8 +148,14 @@ bool oappendi(int i)
 bool oappend(const char* txt)
 {
  uint16_t len = strlen(txt);
-  if (olen + len >= SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE)
+  if (olen + len >= SETTINGS_STACK_BUF_SIZE) {
+#ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+    DEBUG_PRINT(F("oappend() buffer overflow. Cannnot append "));
+    DEBUG_PRINT(len); DEBUG_PRINT(F(" bytes \t\""));
+    DEBUG_PRINT(txt); DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("\""));
+#endif
    return false;        // buffer full
+  }
  strcpy(obuf + olen, txt);
  olen += len;
  return true;
@@ -233,7 +239,8 @@ uint8_t extractModeName(uint8_t mode, const char *src, char *dest, uint8_t maxLe
    if (mode < strip.getModeCount()) {
      char lineBuffer[256];
      //strcpy_P(lineBuffer, (const char*)pgm_read_dword(&(WS2812FX::_modeData[mode])));
-      strcpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode));
+      strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
+      lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
      size_t len = strlen(lineBuffer);
      size_t j = 0;
      for (; j < maxLen && j < len; j++) {
@@ -245,6 +252,12 @@ uint8_t extractModeName(uint8_t mode, const char *src, char *dest, uint8_t maxLe
    } else return 0;
  }

+  if (src == JSON_palette_names && mode > GRADIENT_PALETTE_COUNT) {
+    snprintf_P(dest, maxLen, PSTR("~ Custom %d~"), 255-mode);
+    dest[maxLen-1] = '\0';
+    return strlen(dest);
+  }
+
  uint8_t qComma = 0;
  bool insideQuotes = false;
  uint8_t printedChars = 0;
@@ -355,9 +368,9 @@ uint8_t extractModeSlider(uint8_t mode, uint8_t slider, char *dest, uint8_t maxL
 int16_t extractModeDefaults(uint8_t mode, const char *segVar)
 {
  if (mode < strip.getModeCount()) {
-    char lineBuffer[128] = "";
-    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode), 127);
-    lineBuffer[127] = '\0'; // terminate string
+    char lineBuffer[256];
+    strncpy_P(lineBuffer, strip.getModeData(mode), sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1);
+    lineBuffer[sizeof(lineBuffer)/sizeof(char)-1] = '\0'; // terminate string
    if (lineBuffer[0] != 0) {
      char* startPtr = strrchr(lineBuffer, ';'); // last ";" in FX data
      if (!startPtr) return -1;
@@ -503,11 +516,11 @@ um_data_t* simulateSound(uint8_t simulationId)
  }

  samplePeak    = random8() > 250;
-  FFT_MajorPeak = volumeSmth;
-  maxVol        = 10;  // this gets feedback fro UI
+  FFT_MajorPeak = 21 + (volumeSmth*volumeSmth) / 8.0f; // walk thru full range of 21hz...8200hz
+  maxVol        = 31;  // this gets feedback fro UI
  binNum        = 8;   // this gets feedback fro UI
  volumeRaw = volumeSmth;
-  my_magnitude = 10000.0 / 8.0f; //no idea if 10000 is a good value for FFT_Magnitude ???
+  my_magnitude = 10000.0f / 8.0f; //no idea if 10000 is a good value for FFT_Magnitude ???
  if (volumeSmth < 1 ) my_magnitude = 0.001f;             // noise gate closed - mute

  return um_data;
@@ -559,4 +572,4 @@ void enumerateLedmaps() {
    }

  }
-}
+}
--- a/wled00/wled.cpp
+++ b/wled00/wled.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void WLED::reset()
  #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_WEBSOCKETS
  ws.closeAll(1012);
  #endif
-  long dly = millis();
+  unsigned long dly = millis();
  while (millis() - dly < 450) {
    yield();        // enough time to send response to client
  }
@@ -35,10 +35,18 @@ void WLED::reset()
 void WLED::loop()
 {
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+  static unsigned long lastRun = 0;
+  unsigned long        loopMillis = millis();
+  size_t               loopDelay = loopMillis - lastRun;
+  if (lastRun == 0) loopDelay=0; // startup - don't have valid data from last run.
+  if (loopDelay > 2) DEBUG_PRINTF("Loop delayed more than %ums.\n", loopDelay);
+  static unsigned long maxLoopMillis = 0;
+  static size_t        avgLoopMillis = 0;
  static unsigned long maxUsermodMillis = 0;
-  static uint16_t avgUsermodMillis = 0;
+  static size_t        avgUsermodMillis = 0;
  static unsigned long maxStripMillis = 0;
-  static uint16_t avgStripMillis = 0;
+  static size_t        avgStripMillis = 0;
+  unsigned long        stripMillis;
  #endif

  handleTime();
@@ -46,8 +54,11 @@ void WLED::loop()
  handleIR();        // 2nd call to function needed for ESP32 to return valid results -- should be good for ESP8266, too
  #endif
  handleConnection();
+  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_ESPNOW
  handleRemote();
+  #endif
  handleSerial();
+  handleImprovWifiScan();
  handleNotifications();
  handleTransitions();
 #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_DMX
@@ -79,6 +90,9 @@ void WLED::loop()
    yield();
  }

+  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+  stripMillis = millis();
+  #endif
  if (!realtimeMode || realtimeOverride || (realtimeMode && useMainSegmentOnly))  // block stuff if WARLS/Adalight is enabled
  {
    if (apActive) dnsServer.processNextRequest();
@@ -97,22 +111,18 @@ void WLED::loop()
    handlePresets();
    yield();

-    #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-    unsigned long stripMillis = millis();
-    #endif
    if (!offMode || strip.isOffRefreshRequired())
      strip.service();
    #ifdef ESP8266
    else if (!noWifiSleep)
      delay(1); //required to make sure ESP enters modem sleep (see #1184)
    #endif
-    #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
-    stripMillis = millis() - stripMillis;
-    if (stripMillis > 50) DEBUG_PRINTLN("Slow strip.");
-    avgStripMillis += stripMillis;
-    if (stripMillis > maxStripMillis) maxStripMillis = stripMillis;
-    #endif
  }
+  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+  stripMillis = millis() - stripMillis;
+  avgStripMillis += stripMillis;
+  if (stripMillis > maxStripMillis) maxStripMillis = stripMillis;
+  #endif

  yield();
 #ifdef ESP8266
@@ -156,7 +166,7 @@ void WLED::loop()
    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < WLED_MAX_BUSSES+WLED_MIN_VIRTUAL_BUSSES; i++) {
      if (busConfigs[i] == nullptr) break;
      mem += BusManager::memUsage(*busConfigs[i]);
-      if (strip.useGlobalLedBuffer && busConfigs[i]->start + busConfigs[i]->count > maxlen) {
+      if (useGlobalLedBuffer && busConfigs[i]->start + busConfigs[i]->count > maxlen) {
          maxlen = busConfigs[i]->start + busConfigs[i]->count;
          globalBufMem = maxlen * 4;
      }
@@ -181,8 +191,34 @@ void WLED::loop()
  handleWs();
  handleStatusLED();

+  toki.resetTick();
+
+#if WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
+  // we finished our mainloop, reset the watchdog timer
+  static unsigned long lastWDTFeed = 0;
+  if (!strip.isUpdating() || millis() - lastWDTFeed > (WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT*500)) {
+  #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
+    esp_task_wdt_reset();
+  #else
+    ESP.wdtFeed();
+  #endif
+    lastWDTFeed = millis();
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (doReboot && (!doInitBusses || !doSerializeConfig)) // if busses have to be inited & saved, wait until next iteration
+    reset();
+
 // DEBUG serial logging (every 30s)
 #ifdef WLED_DEBUG
+  loopMillis = millis() - loopMillis;
+  if (loopMillis > 30) {
+    DEBUG_PRINTF("Loop took %lums.\n", loopMillis);
+    DEBUG_PRINTF("Usermods took %lums.\n", usermodMillis);
+    DEBUG_PRINTF("Strip took %lums.\n", stripMillis);
+  }
+  avgLoopMillis += loopMillis;
+  if (loopMillis > maxLoopMillis) maxLoopMillis = loopMillis;
  if (millis() - debugTime > 29999) {
    DEBUG_PRINTLN(F("---DEBUG INFO---"));
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("Runtime: "));       DEBUG_PRINTLN(millis());
@@ -205,11 +241,13 @@ void WLED::loop()
    DEBUG_PRINT(F("Client IP: "));       DEBUG_PRINTLN(Network.localIP());
    if (loops > 0) { // avoid division by zero
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("Loops/sec: "));       DEBUG_PRINTLN(loops / 30);
+      DEBUG_PRINT(F("Loop time[ms]: "));   DEBUG_PRINT(avgLoopMillis/loops); DEBUG_PRINT("/");DEBUG_PRINTLN(maxLoopMillis);
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("UM time[ms]: "));     DEBUG_PRINT(avgUsermodMillis/loops); DEBUG_PRINT("/");DEBUG_PRINTLN(maxUsermodMillis);
      DEBUG_PRINT(F("Strip time[ms]: "));  DEBUG_PRINT(avgStripMillis/loops); DEBUG_PRINT("/"); DEBUG_PRINTLN(maxStripMillis);
    }
    strip.printSize();
    loops = 0;
+    maxLoopMillis = 0;
    maxUsermodMillis = 0;
    maxStripMillis = 0;
    avgUsermodMillis = 0;
@@ -217,21 +255,8 @@ void WLED::loop()
    debugTime = millis();
  }
  loops++;
+  lastRun = millis();
 #endif        // WLED_DEBUG
-  toki.resetTick();
-
-#if WLED_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT > 0
-  // we finished our mainloop, reset the watchdog timer
-  if (!strip.isUpdating())
-  #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-    esp_task_wdt_reset();
-  #else
-    ESP.wdtFeed();
-  #endif
-#endif
-
-  if (doReboot && (!doInitBusses || !doSerializeConfig)) // if busses have to be inited & saved, wait until next iteration
-    reset();
 }

 void WLED::enableWatchdog() {
@@ -516,7 +541,7 @@ void WLED::initAP(bool resetAP)
  DEBUG_PRINTLN(apSSID);
  WiFi.softAPConfig(IPAddress(4, 3, 2, 1), IPAddress(4, 3, 2, 1), IPAddress(255, 255, 255, 0));
  WiFi.softAP(apSSID, apPass, apChannel, apHide);
-  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2))
+  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S3))
  WiFi.setTxPower(WIFI_POWER_8_5dBm);
  #endif

@@ -651,7 +676,6 @@ void WLED::initConnection()
  ws.onEvent(wsEvent);
  #endif

-
  WiFi.disconnect(true);        // close old connections
 #ifdef ESP8266
  WiFi.setPhyMode(WIFI_PHY_MODE_11N);
@@ -695,7 +719,7 @@ void WLED::initConnection()

  WiFi.begin(clientSSID, clientPass);
 #ifdef ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32
-  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2))
+  #if defined(LOLIN_WIFI_FIX) && (defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32C3) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S2) || defined(ARDUINO_ARCH_ESP32S3))
  WiFi.setTxPower(WIFI_POWER_8_5dBm);
  #endif
  WiFi.setSleep(!noWifiSleep);
@@ -850,7 +874,7 @@ void WLED::handleConnection()
    if (improvActive) {
      if (improvError == 3) sendImprovStateResponse(0x00, true);
      sendImprovStateResponse(0x04);
-      if (improvActive > 1) sendImprovRPCResponse(0x01);
+      if (improvActive > 1) sendImprovIPRPCResult(ImprovRPCType::Command_Wifi);
    }
    initInterfaces();
    userConnected();
--- a/wled00/wled.h
+++ b/wled00/wled.h
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 /*
   Main sketch, global variable declarations
   @title WLED project sketch
-   @version 0.14.0-b3
+   @version 0.14.0-b4
   @author Christian Schwinne
 */

 // version code in format yymmddb (b = daily build)
-#define VERSION 2306240
+#define VERSION 2309100

 //uncomment this if you have a "my_config.h" file you'd like to use
 //#define WLED_USE_MY_CONFIG
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  #undef WLED_ENABLE_ADALIGHT      // disable has priority over enable
 #endif
 //#define WLED_ENABLE_DMX          // uses 3.5kb (use LEDPIN other than 2)
-//#define WLED_ENABLE_JSONLIVE     // peek LED output via /json/live (WS binary peek is always enabled)
+#define WLED_ENABLE_JSONLIVE     // peek LED output via /json/live (WS binary peek is always enabled)
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_LOXONE
  #define WLED_ENABLE_LOXONE       // uses 1.2kb
 #endif
@@ -331,12 +331,17 @@ WLED_GLOBAL byte bootPreset   _INIT(0);                   // save preset to load
 //if true, a segment per bus will be created on boot and LED settings save
 //if false, only one segment spanning the total LEDs is created,
 //but not on LED settings save if there is more than one segment currently
-WLED_GLOBAL bool autoSegments    _INIT(false);
-WLED_GLOBAL bool correctWB       _INIT(false); // CCT color correction of RGB color
-WLED_GLOBAL bool cctFromRgb      _INIT(false); // CCT is calculated from RGB instead of using seg.cct
-WLED_GLOBAL bool gammaCorrectCol _INIT(true ); // use gamma correction on colors
-WLED_GLOBAL bool gammaCorrectBri _INIT(false); // use gamma correction on brightness
-WLED_GLOBAL float gammaCorrectVal _INIT(2.8f); // gamma correction value
+WLED_GLOBAL bool autoSegments       _INIT(false);
+#ifdef ESP8266
+WLED_GLOBAL bool useGlobalLedBuffer _INIT(false); // double buffering disabled on ESP8266
+#else
+WLED_GLOBAL bool useGlobalLedBuffer _INIT(true);  // double buffering enabled on ESP32
+#endif
+WLED_GLOBAL bool correctWB          _INIT(false); // CCT color correction of RGB color
+WLED_GLOBAL bool cctFromRgb         _INIT(false); // CCT is calculated from RGB instead of using seg.cct
+WLED_GLOBAL bool gammaCorrectCol    _INIT(true);  // use gamma correction on colors
+WLED_GLOBAL bool gammaCorrectBri    _INIT(false); // use gamma correction on brightness
+WLED_GLOBAL float gammaCorrectVal   _INIT(2.8f);  // gamma correction value

 WLED_GLOBAL byte col[]    _INIT_N(({ 255, 160, 0, 0 }));  // current RGB(W) primary color. col[] should be updated if you want to change the color.
 WLED_GLOBAL byte colSec[] _INIT_N(({ 0, 0, 0, 0 }));      // current RGB(W) secondary color
@@ -424,12 +429,18 @@ WLED_GLOBAL uint16_t pollReplyCount _INIT(0);                     // count numbe
 // mqtt
 WLED_GLOBAL unsigned long lastMqttReconnectAttempt _INIT(0);  // used for other periodic tasks too
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_MQTT
+  #ifndef MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN
+    #define MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN 32
+  #endif
+  #ifndef MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN
+    #define MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN 32
+  #endif
 WLED_GLOBAL AsyncMqttClient *mqtt _INIT(NULL);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool mqttEnabled _INIT(false);
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttStatusTopic[40] _INIT("");            // this must be global because of async handlers
-WLED_GLOBAL char mqttDeviceTopic[33] _INIT("");            // main MQTT topic (individual per device, default is wled/mac)
-WLED_GLOBAL char mqttGroupTopic[33] _INIT("wled/all");     // second MQTT topic (for example to group devices)
-WLED_GLOBAL char mqttServer[33] _INIT("");                 // both domains and IPs should work (no SSL)
+WLED_GLOBAL char mqttDeviceTopic[MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1] _INIT("");         // main MQTT topic (individual per device, default is wled/mac)
+WLED_GLOBAL char mqttGroupTopic[MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN+1]  _INIT("wled/all"); // second MQTT topic (for example to group devices)
+WLED_GLOBAL char mqttServer[MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN+1]     _INIT("");         // both domains and IPs should work (no SSL)
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttUser[41] _INIT("");                   // optional: username for MQTT auth
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttPass[65] _INIT("");                   // optional: password for MQTT auth
 WLED_GLOBAL char mqttClientID[41] _INIT("");               // override the client ID
@@ -508,7 +519,7 @@ WLED_GLOBAL uint16_t userVar0 _INIT(0), userVar1 _INIT(0); //available for use i
 // wifi
 WLED_GLOBAL bool apActive _INIT(false);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool forceReconnect _INIT(false);
-WLED_GLOBAL uint32_t lastReconnectAttempt _INIT(0);
+WLED_GLOBAL unsigned long lastReconnectAttempt _INIT(0);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool interfacesInited _INIT(false);
 WLED_GLOBAL bool wasConnected _INIT(false);

--- a/wled00/wled_math.cpp
+++ b/wled00/wled_math.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ float sin_t(float x) {

 float tan_t(float x) {
  float c = cos_t(x);
-  if (c==0.0) return 0;
+  if (c==0.0f) return 0;
  float res = sin_t(x) / c;
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG_MATH
  Serial.printf("tan: %f,%f,%f,(%f)\n",x,res,tan(x),res-tan(x));
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ float tan_t(float x) {
 float acos_t(float x) {
  float negate = float(x < 0);
  float xabs = std::abs(x);
-  float ret = -0.0187293;
+  float ret = -0.0187293f;
  ret = ret * xabs;
-  ret = ret + 0.0742610;
+  ret = ret + 0.0742610f;
  ret = ret * xabs;
-  ret = ret - 0.2121144;
+  ret = ret - 0.2121144f;
  ret = ret * xabs;
  ret = ret + HALF_PI;
-  ret = ret * sqrt(1.0-xabs);
+  ret = ret * sqrt(1.0f-xabs);
  ret = ret - 2 * negate * ret;
  float res = negate * PI + ret;
  #ifdef WLED_DEBUG_MATH
--- a/wled00/wled_server.cpp
+++ b/wled00/wled_server.cpp
@@ -116,14 +116,6 @@ void initServer()
  DefaultHeaders::Instance().addHeader(F("Access-Control-Allow-Headers"), "*");

 #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_WEBSOCKETS
-  server.on("/liveview", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
-    if (handleIfNoneMatchCacheHeader(request)) return;
-    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_liveviewws, PAGE_liveviewws_length);
-    response->addHeader(FPSTR(s_content_enc),"gzip");
-    setStaticContentCacheHeaders(response);
-    request->send(response);
-    //request->send_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_liveviewws);
-  });
  #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
  server.on("/liveview2D", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    if (handleIfNoneMatchCacheHeader(request)) return;
@@ -131,19 +123,16 @@ void initServer()
    response->addHeader(FPSTR(s_content_enc),"gzip");
    setStaticContentCacheHeaders(response);
    request->send(response);
-    //request->send_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_liveviewws);
  });
  #endif
-#else
+#endif
  server.on("/liveview", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    if (handleIfNoneMatchCacheHeader(request)) return;
    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_liveview, PAGE_liveview_length);
    response->addHeader(FPSTR(s_content_enc),"gzip");
    setStaticContentCacheHeaders(response);
    request->send(response);
-    //request->send_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_liveview);
  });
-#endif

  //settings page
  server.on("/settings", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
@@ -167,10 +156,6 @@ void initServer()
    }
  });

-  server.on("/sliders", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
-    serveIndex(request);
-  });
-
  server.on("/welcome", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    serveSettings(request);
  });
@@ -247,19 +232,15 @@ void initServer()
    request->send(200, "text/plain", (String)ESP.getFreeHeap());
  });

+#ifdef WLED_ENABLE_USERMOD_PAGE
  server.on("/u", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    if (handleIfNoneMatchCacheHeader(request)) return;
    AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_usermod, PAGE_usermod_length);
    response->addHeader(FPSTR(s_content_enc),"gzip");
    setStaticContentCacheHeaders(response);
    request->send(response);
-    //request->send_P(200, "text/html", PAGE_usermod);
-  });
-
-  //Deprecated, use of /json/state and presets recommended instead
-  server.on("/url", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
-    URL_response(request);
  });
+#endif

  server.on("/teapot", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    serveMessage(request, 418, F("418. I'm a teapot."), F("(Tangible Embedded Advanced Project Of Twinkling)"), 254);
@@ -356,9 +337,14 @@ void initServer()
    serveMessage(request, 501, "Not implemented", F("DMX support is not enabled in this build."), 254);
  });
  #endif
+
  server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request){
    if (captivePortal(request)) return;
-    serveIndexOrWelcome(request);
+    if (!showWelcomePage || request->hasArg(F("sliders"))){
+      serveIndex(request);
+    } else {
+      serveSettings(request);
+    }
  });

  #ifdef WLED_ENABLE_PIXART
@@ -420,20 +406,9 @@ void initServer()
    response->addHeader(FPSTR(s_content_enc),"gzip");
    setStaticContentCacheHeaders(response);
    request->send(response);
-    //request->send_P(404, "text/html", PAGE_404);
  });
 }

-
-void serveIndexOrWelcome(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)
-{
-  if (!showWelcomePage){
-    serveIndex(request);
-  } else {
-    serveSettings(request);
-  }
-}
-
 bool handleIfNoneMatchCacheHeader(AsyncWebServerRequest* request)
 {
  AsyncWebHeader* header = request->getHeader("If-None-Match");
--- a/wled00/ws.cpp
+++ b/wled00/ws.cpp
@@ -166,23 +166,24 @@ bool sendLiveLedsWs(uint32_t wsClient)
  size_t n = ((used -1)/MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS) +1; //only serve every n'th LED if count over MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS
  size_t pos = (strip.isMatrix ? 4 : 2);  // start of data
  size_t bufSize = pos + (used/n)*3;
-  size_t skipLines = 0;

  AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer * wsBuf = ws.makeBuffer(bufSize);
  if (!wsBuf) return false; //out of memory
  uint8_t* buffer = wsBuf->get();
  buffer[0] = 'L';
  buffer[1] = 1; //version
+
 #ifndef WLED_DISABLE_2D
+  size_t skipLines = 0;
  if (strip.isMatrix) {
    buffer[1] = 2; //version
    buffer[2] = Segment::maxWidth;
    buffer[3] = Segment::maxHeight;
-    if (Segment::maxWidth * Segment::maxHeight > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS*4) {
+    if (used > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS*4) {
      buffer[2] = Segment::maxWidth/4;
      buffer[3] = Segment::maxHeight/4;
      skipLines = 3;
-    } else if (Segment::maxWidth * Segment::maxHeight > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS) {
+    } else if (used > MAX_LIVE_LEDS_WS) {
      buffer[2] = Segment::maxWidth/2;
      buffer[3] = Segment::maxHeight/2;
      skipLines = 1;
@@ -198,9 +199,13 @@ bool sendLiveLedsWs(uint32_t wsClient)
    }
 #endif
    uint32_t c = strip.getPixelColor(i);
-    buffer[pos++] = qadd8(W(c), R(c)); //R, add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
-    buffer[pos++] = qadd8(W(c), G(c)); //G
-    buffer[pos++] = qadd8(W(c), B(c)); //B
+    uint8_t r = R(c);
+    uint8_t g = G(c);
+    uint8_t b = B(c);
+    uint8_t w = W(c);
+    buffer[pos++] = scale8(qadd8(w, r), strip.getBrightness()); //R, add white channel to RGB channels as a simple RGBW -> RGB map
+    buffer[pos++] = scale8(qadd8(w, g), strip.getBrightness()); //G
+    buffer[pos++] = scale8(qadd8(w, b), strip.getBrightness()); //B
  }

  wsc->binary(wsBuf);
--- a/wled00/xml.cpp
+++ b/wled00/xml.cpp
@@ -72,55 +72,6 @@ void XML_response(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, char* dest)
  if (request != nullptr) request->send(200, "text/xml", obuf);
 }

-//Deprecated, use of /json/state and presets recommended instead
-void URL_response(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)
-{
-  char sbuf[256];
-  char s2buf[100];
-  obuf = s2buf;
-  olen = 0;
-
-  char s[16];
-  oappend(SET_F("http://"));
-  IPAddress localIP = Network.localIP();
-  sprintf(s, "%d.%d.%d.%d", localIP[0], localIP[1], localIP[2], localIP[3]);
-  oappend(s);
-
-  oappend(SET_F("/win&A="));
-  oappendi(bri);
-  oappend(SET_F("&CL=h"));
-  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-  {
-   sprintf(s,"%02X", col[i]);
-   oappend(s);
-  }
-  oappend(SET_F("&C2=h"));
-  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
-  {
-   sprintf(s,"%02X", colSec[i]);
-   oappend(s);
-  }
-  oappend(SET_F("&FX="));
-  oappendi(effectCurrent);
-  oappend(SET_F("&SX="));
-  oappendi(effectSpeed);
-  oappend(SET_F("&IX="));
-  oappendi(effectIntensity);
-  oappend(SET_F("&FP="));
-  oappendi(effectPalette);
-
-  obuf = sbuf;
-  olen = 0;
-
-  oappend(SET_F("<html><body><a href=\""));
-  oappend(s2buf);
-  oappend(SET_F("\" target=\"_blank\">"));
-  oappend(s2buf);
-  oappend(SET_F("</a></body></html>"));
-
-  if (request != nullptr) request->send(200, "text/html", obuf);
-}
-
 void extractPin(JsonObject &obj, const char *key) {
  if (obj[key].is<JsonArray>()) {
    JsonArray pins = obj[key].as<JsonArray>();
@@ -404,7 +355,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
    sappend('v',SET_F("CB"),strip.cctBlending);
    sappend('v',SET_F("FR"),strip.getTargetFps());
    sappend('v',SET_F("AW"),Bus::getGlobalAWMode());
-    sappend('c',SET_F("LD"),strip.useGlobalLedBuffer);
+    sappend('c',SET_F("LD"),useGlobalLedBuffer);

    for (uint8_t s=0; s < busses.getNumBusses(); s++) {
      Bus* bus = busses.getBus(s);
@@ -431,7 +382,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
      sappend('v',lt,bus->getType());
      sappend('v',co,bus->getColorOrder() & 0x0F);
      sappend('v',ls,bus->getStart());
-      sappend('c',cv,bus->reversed);
+      sappend('c',cv,bus->isReversed());
      sappend('v',sl,bus->skippedLeds());
      sappend('c',rf,bus->isOffRefreshRequired());
      sappend('v',aw,bus->getAutoWhiteMode());
@@ -527,6 +478,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)

  if (subPage == SUBPAGE_SYNC)
  {
+    char nS[32];
    sappend('v',SET_F("UP"),udpPort);
    sappend('v',SET_F("U2"),udpPort2);
    sappend('v',SET_F("GS"),syncGroups);
@@ -583,6 +535,9 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
    sappends('s',SET_F("MG"),mqttGroupTopic);
    sappend('c',SET_F("BM"),buttonPublishMqtt);
    sappend('c',SET_F("RT"),retainMqttMsg);
+    oappend(SET_F("d.Sf.MD.maxlength=")); oappend(itoa(MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN,nS,10));  oappend(SET_F(";"));
+    oappend(SET_F("d.Sf.MG.maxlength=")); oappend(itoa(MQTT_MAX_TOPIC_LEN,nS,10));  oappend(SET_F(";"));
+    oappend(SET_F("d.Sf.MS.maxlength=")); oappend(itoa(MQTT_MAX_SERVER_LEN,nS,10));  oappend(SET_F(";"));
    #else
    oappend(SET_F("toggle('MQTT');"));    // hide MQTT settings
    #endif
@@ -632,7 +587,7 @@ void getSettingsJS(byte subPage, char* dest)
    sappends('s',SET_F("LT"),tm);
    getTimeString(tm);
    sappends('m',SET_F("(\"times\")[0]"),tm);
-    if ((int)(longitude*10.) || (int)(latitude*10.)) {
+    if ((int)(longitude*10.0f) || (int)(latitude*10.0f)) {
      sprintf_P(tm, PSTR("Sunrise: %02d:%02d Sunset: %02d:%02d"), hour(sunrise), minute(sunrise), hour(sunset), minute(sunset));
      sappends('m',SET_F("(\"times\")[1]"),tm);
    }